Hall High/Low Communication

Corridor High/Low Context Communication In this article I’d like toâ express my sentiment about Hall’s Context Communication. When all is said in done, in the present business relations, it's a little world all things considered. As more organizations turn towards worldwide markets, experts are winding up in remote districts, haggling more than ever. Nonetheless, the way to compelling correspondence between nations is a comprehension of one another's way of life, particularly a working information on how every general public passes on meaning.First utilized by creator Edward Hall, the articulations â€Å"high context† and â€Å"low context† are marks signifying natural social contrasts between social orders. High-setting and low-setting correspondence alludes to how much speakers depend on things other than words to pass on importance. Lobby expresses that in correspondence, people face a lot more tangible signs than they can completely process. In each c ulture, individuals have been provided with explicit â€Å"filters† that permit them to concentrate just on what society has esteemed important.In general, societies that favor low-setting correspondence will give more consideration to the exacting implications of words than to the setting encompassing them. At the point when people from high-setting and low-setting societies team up, there are regularly challenges that happen during the trading of data. These issues can be isolated into contrasts concerning â€Å"direction†, â€Å"quantity† and â€Å"quality. For instance, workers from high-setting societies like China and France share unmistakable and broad data with their â€Å"in-bunch members† (old buddies, families, close colleagues, and so forth). In examination, low-setting societies like the United States and Germany want to confine correspondence to littler, progressively select gatherings of individuals, sharing just that data which is vital. What's more, presently I’d like to talk in insight concerning the fundamental highlights of every sort of Context Communication. High-Context CommunicationHall: â€Å"Most of the data is either in the physical setting or instated in the individual. † * Knowledge is situational, social * Less is verbally unequivocal or composed or officially communicated * More disguised understandings of what is imparted (ex: â€Å"in-jokes†) * Often utilized in long haul, entrenched connections * Decisions and exercises center around close to home eye to eye correspondence, regularly around a focal, definitive figure * Strong attention to who is acknowledged/has a place versus outsiders† Low Context Communication Hall: â€Å"The mass of data is vested in the unequivocal code [message]. † * Rule arranged * More information is open, outer, and available. * Shorter span of interchanges * Knowledge is transferable * Task-focused. Choices and exercises center around wha t should be done and the division of obligations. To reach the determination, once can say that correspondence is everything, so ensure you know not onlyâ whatâ to state, yet alsoâ howâ to state it!

Free sample - The influence of mass media on the social life.. translation missing

The impact of broad communications on the public activity.. The impact of broad communications on the social life.1. These days it is difficult to overestimate the impact of broad communications on the public activity. It gives us large amount of data films, news, enlightening and instructive TV-programs and without a doubt there is a ton of business data publicizing. So as to pick required data from the progression of in an unexpected way situated data, it is important to layout the general standards of its ‘consumption’ and to comprehend the standards of its work. As indicated by the Stuart Hall â€Å"Encoding and Decoding†, it is conceivable to state that individuals get all required data, particularly business on the subconscious level. At the end of the day, promoting and propagandistic movies impact human brain by implication, with the assistance of uniquely created mental devices. Stuart Hall traces the four organized hypothesis of correspondence, which incorporates the accompanying advances: creation, course, use and proliferation. [1] As indicated by the â€Å"Encoding and Decoding†, it is conceivable to layout three after theoretical peruser/watcher positions: above all else, the sender never decides the importance of the message; furthermore, it is difficult to comprehend the quintessence of the message for the crowd, in light of the fact that the message isn't straightforward; lastly, the crowd is definitely not a uninvolved beneficiary of meaning[2] As per the Halls idea, it is conceivable to state that sender never makes a severe assurance of the message, on the grounds that every watcher would make those ends, which are upheld by his own ethical guidelines and disposition towards some topic. In the Ang’s Dallas and the Ideology of Mass Culture we have discovered the accompanying understanding of mass culture: it has its extraordinary effect on the social, life, while the mass serials like Dallas are broadly watched and talked about by wide sound-related; some of individuals like that sequential, others don't, however it is still examined, viewed and it doesn't lose its notoriety. It has become being the piece of the public activity. Individuals live respectively with the fundamental characters and they are sitting tight for viewing the new scene so as to get the data, concerning the plot improvement. There is such a demeanor towards mass utilization serials: a few people feel great and don't think about their life issues, while watching sequential, such individuals live respectively with their saints and couldn't care less about their own and worldwide issues. Mass culture serials improvement permits stage executive (or letter-essayist) to layout new thoughts in the present culture and to make new mass culture †they incorporate into the plot of the sequential those issues and viewpoints, which would make critical effect on the public activity: starting from the styles and achieving with the conduct thoughts. Individuals would follow their adored characters of serials and in such way they would be attempting to be indistinguishable to the serials’ fundamental heroes.[3] As indicated by the David Morley THE NATIONWIDE AUDIENCE, it is conceivable to make decisions about the impact of the mass culture on various parts of human lives. In such way it is conceivable to make popular sentiment the ideal method to include general assessments of public sentiment so as to ‘outline’ the general disposition towards some occasion. In such way those individuals, who are not included straightforwardly into the tricky, would be impacted by such ‘mass’ conclusion. That permits forestalling alarm and at a similar case such broad communications apparatuses deceive individuals, concerning current circumstance in the country.[4] At last, Jacqueline Bobo has sketched out in her THE COLOR PURPLE the chance of utilizing broad communications apparatus for giving extra consideration on the circumstance (in Jacquelines’ Bobo case - with the racial discrimination.â To finish up, we might want to pressure that getting the message from the creator implies seeing all thoughts, which established the frameworks of the film or sequential or publicizing. The nature of such message could be estimated by the quantity of those individuals, who have made ends, the same to the authors’ ones.[5] 2. Right now, is conceivable to diagram one of the most impressive social moving today-fun clubs. They were created and made so as to incorporate various individuals with similar perspectives towards life esteems, towards some mainstream people or towards certain show-stoppers. These individuals are normally neighborly and they are coordinated by the regular thought regarding advancement the mass culture apparatus advancing, supporting and adoration with some individual or gathering of individuals. Various activities, members gatherings and future activities thought are the principle headings of the fan clubs exercises. To our supposition, it is conceivable to consider fan clubs as augmentation of crowds for some social exercises. So as to demonstrate the above stated, we might want to consider the Star Trek fans, who have attempted to accomplish the social comprehension if the gay relations and to forestall wide judgment this development. They have thought about the gay relations as a typical get-together, which ought to be comprehended and upheld by their general public. They have accomplished that level with the assistance of the accompanying apparatuses: they have declared the trademark 'Out of the wardrobe and into the universe’ †having a tendency to be visual and customary and by mass national letter-composing effort association. Accordingly, both these tolls have pulled in mass consideration towards that issue and that has made its impact of the circumstance improvement in the entire nation. [6] Discussing the Titanic and DiCaprio funs, we might want to give extra consideration that most of its fans are youthful females (more that 60 percents of the general amount) and their age doesn't surpass 25 y.o. in lion's share of cases. Titanic with DiCaprio is the blockbuster, which depends on the genuine authentic occasions. It concerns such points as government assistance, love and human relations. Additionally such philosophical issue as the feeling of life is plot by implication, since it is dependent upon the crowd to choose whether saint has settled on right choice of it would have been exceptional to act another approach to forestall such adversity. The pleasant clubs have bolstered the prominence of this movieâ for strong timeframe and have essentially expanded the income from its screening - lion's share of youngsters have watched it for a few times-from 2 to 14 and that has pulled in extra enthusiasm towards that issue from another female agents of youthful age. So as to protect the most loved film from the distinctive adverse journalistic and star talk its fans have underestimated their wants, the fan club agents have generally included press into that procedure and there they have printed diverse articled, upheld with DiCaprio photographs and some ideal of individual gatherings, love and dedication towards primary saint of this film. In such way youthful fans have continually pulled in some enthusiasm towards the Titanic and they have spared its ubiquity and the enthusiasm towards this film for a sturdy timeframe. [7] To close, we might want to pressure that broad communications and fun clubs make the populations’ demeanor towards some get-togethers, masterpieces and people. It is critical to help such developments and to coordinate their exercises into the positive course. Just in such way it is conceivable to accomplish the most noteworthy outcomes and to consolidate the fan club lawful action and mass culture creation, backing and advancement. Reference list: 1.â â â â â Ang, Ien. Dallas and the Ideology of Mass Culture. The Cultural Studies Reader. Ed. Simon During. New York: Routledge, 1993. 403-420. 2.â â â â â Bobo, Jacqueline (1988 ) Black ladies' reactions to The Color Purple. Bounce Cut, no. 33, Feb. 1988, pp. 43-51 3.â â â â â Hall, S. (1973) Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse Birmingham: CCS 4.â â â â â Henry Jenkins (2001) OUT OF THE CLOSET AND INTO THE UNIVERSE' Queers and Star Trek 5.â â â â â MELANIE NASH AND MARTTI LAHTI (2001) Most extreme Ashamed to Say I am the One of Those Girls Titanic, Leonardo Dicaprio, and the Catch 22s of young ladies' being a fan  â â â â Morley, David (1980) The 'Across the country' Audience: Structure and Decoding. London: BFI. ISBN 0-85170-097-7  â â â â Procter, James. (2004) Stuart Hall, Routledge basic masterminds.

A Review Of The Role Of Moral Reasoning In Burglary Offences - 1

A Review Of The Role Of Moral Reasoning In Burglary Offences' - 1 A Review Of The Role Of Moral Reasoning In Burglary Offences' â€" Assignment Example > IntroductionTo understand vividly burglary in relation to moral development, it is important to review work done by great psychologist like Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, Carol Gilligan and Howitt Dennis among other renowned writers. Lawrence Kohlberg actually developed his argument from Jean Piaget’s work to illustrate maturity of moral reasoning. While Piaget explained two stage of moral development, Kohlberg gave a six stage model executed within pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional levels. From the six stages, it is obvious that moral development occurs continuously through life of an individual. This literature will start by reviewing Piaget’s work which acted as basis for Kohlberg. Piaget’s TheoryResearch done by Piaget contributed a lot to understanding moral development in children. Originally, Piaget focused on moral lives of young children by studying how they played with intent of comprehending child’s belief of right and wrong. Piaget made a c onclusion that development starts when a child constructs and reconstructs own awareness after interacting with environment (Piaget, 1932). When children are playing, they usually integrate their own rules so that the game is fairly completed. Piaget further interviewed children on the topic of stealing and lying. Response indicated that children were able to discriminate meaning of the words and real action. This mean that children begin from heteronomous stage of moral reasoning which has the characteristic of following rules and duties to the latter while also obeying the authorities. The heteronomy emanates from a child’s cognitive structure where the thinking of young children has features of egocentrism. This means that children cannot take into consideration their own views with the perception of others. Egocentrism makes children project their individual thoughts onto others. It also has relationship with uni-directional view of regulations and command associated with mo ral idea. In a nutshell, moral idea values the results of an action rather than intents. A young child belief in immanent justice has close association with moral realism. It means that a child expects punishment as a result of any immoral act like burglary. Another specific factor contributing to heteronomous moral thoughts in children is socialization process with adults. Normally, power is handed down from adults to children during a socialization process. In such a case, powerless young children with their egocentrism contribute to heteronomous ethical orientation. As children look for fair play during games, they find strict heteronomous observance to rules challenging. This makes them consider those rules critically and eventually apply them with an objective of deriving respect and cooperation among participants. It then represents a shift from egocentrism to a stage of perspective thinking where reciprocity and mutual respect forms the base. From this analysis, it is appare nt that Piaget viewed moral development as a product of interpersonal development. Kohlberg’s theoryKohlberg agreed with Piaget that children form approaches to thinking as a result of their daily experiences. Research done by Kohlberg went beyond the age bracket studied by Piaget to determine that moral maturity took longer time and assumes a gradual process. As a result, Kohlberg Identified Six stages of attaining moral reasoning which are discussed in subsequent paragraphs.

Managing Stakeholder Interests And Relationships - 6999 Words

Managing stakeholder interests and relationships in mega construction projects: a network-based and behavioral economics approach Ka Yan Mok1; Geoffrey Qiping Shen2; Helen Xiaohui Bao3; Branko Koncarevic4; and Martin Skitmore5 1PhD Candidate, Dept. of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ., Hong Kong (corresponding author). Email: margaret.mok@connect.polyu.hk 2Chair Professor, Dept. of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ., Hong Kong. Email: bsqpshen@polyu.edu.hk 3Lecturer, Dept. of Land Economy, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Email: hxb20@cam.ac.uk 4PhD Candidate, School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, Australia. Email: b.koncarevic@qut.edu.au 5Professor, School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, Australia. Email: rm.skitmore@qut.edu.au Abstract Significant research efforts have been devoted to stakeholder management issues in mega construction projects highlighting difficulties of current practice and weaknesses of traditional stakeholder analysis methods. A structured review of stakeholder management research would therefore provide useful insights in improving current stakeholder analysis methods for application in complex project environment. Through an extensive literature review, four key research areas are identified, namely â€Å"stakeholder identification†, â€Å"stakeholder concerns†, â€Å"stakeholder influences† andShow MoreRelatedControl Engagement Flow Diagram Of The Project Management Plan799 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess and phases of a project is enclosed. The plan addresses human resource requirements, the methods of how work will be performed in addition to the requirements and modus operandi for communicating among stakeholder (PMBOK, 2013). The documents used in the plan guides a ma nager â€Å"through managing and controlling project activities† (Dow et al., 2015, p. 113). The issue log, work performance data, and project documents are updated on a regular basis throughout the project cycle. Work performance dataRead MoreStakeholder Management : A Common View1738 Words   |  7 Pages4.4 Stakeholder management challenges Stakeholder management is not without challenges. Effective management of stakeholders faces a number of difficulties as identified by the participants to the study despite the standards and available frameworks for managing and engaging with stakeholders. In an ideal world, these standards would work perfectly without any flaws but the world is not ideal at least the project management world. A common view amongst interviewees when asked about stakeholder managementRead MoreThe Algeria East West Highway Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesWorks). 5.2.2. The Case analysis - External stakeholders interests. Zidane et al. (2015) have evaluated an Algerian highway megaproject based on a holistic evaluation model consists of five measurements Efficiency, Effectiveness, Relevance, Impact and Sustainability. Each stakeholder played a major role in each of the five measures. Emphasizes the importance of managing both internal and external stakeholders. There were multiple external stakeholders in this mega project as follows: LandownersRead MoreProject Management : Enterprise Environment Factors980 Words   |  4 Pagestools and techniques to manage stakeholders is an undertaking that requires constant engagement at each stage of the project. Using expert judgement a project manager may engage senior stakeholders early in the project to secure support and remove any impediments from the project (PMBOK, 2013). Expert judgment is particularly important at the beginning of a project. Simply having the senior stakeholders at the kickoff meeting will tacitly display to other stakeholders and team members the significanceRead MoreStakeholder Conflicts Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesStakeholder Conflicts in Organizations Chris Lindquist Grand Canyon University: ORG-807 June 25, 2013 Introduction This paper will discuss how non-profit and for-profit organizations manage the interests, opinions, and concerns of their stakeholders. Additionally, this paper will address the management differences that exist between for-profit and non-profit organizations. A set of research questions will be presented to research the effectiveness of the management techniques employedRead MoreCommunication And Collaboration ( Chinyio And Akintoye 2008 )1542 Words   |  7 Pagesabout stakeholder management and engagement. All participants indicated that communication is the best means of engaging with stakeholders and managing their expectations. The company uses different means of communication to different stakeholders. For example, with internal stakeholder’s emails, phone and face to face communication is often used. However participants highlighted that face to face communication and meetings seems to be preferred and results to positive effect in stakeholder engagementRead MoreImpac t Of The Construction Industry On The Uk Economy1582 Words   |  7 PagesToday stakeholder engagement/management is one of the most common challenges in the construction industry. There is now a growing need to further engage stakeholders into the decision making process. (herry pintardi chandra, 2012)This will help enhance the project performance and identify specific needs. Stakeholders are anyone who is effect by the change, any group or individual who claim ownership, rights or bear some of the risks associated with it. This can be an internal stakeholder such asRead MoreA Research Study On Network Density While Managing Networks And Getting Desired Results Of Your Own Interests775 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduced with scholars in the field of my interest. Conference and seminars are very useful means to build networks as many scholars share their contacts and research interests to each other. I pick those scholars from the conference brochures whose research interest matches with my own interests. I try to contact them after the conference and show my interest to collaborate with them in publishing. It is important to think about network density while managing networks and getting desired results ofRead MoreBusiness For Social Responsibility ( Bsr )1278 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study 1: Stakeholder Mapping Introduction Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) is an international nonprofit organization that aims to â€Å"work with business to create a just and sustainable world† (BSR, 2014). To achieve this mission, BSR promotes collaboration and strategic planning in order to catalyze behavioral change (BSR, 2014). With a mission to drive social and environmental innovation, stakeholder analysis is a core competency at BSR. This organization has developed a five-step modelRead MoreWhat is the Stakeholder Theory?1083 Words   |  5 PagesStakeholder can be defined as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives†. This theory focuses on wider aspect rather than only focusing on just the shareholder. Stakeholder theory is a fundamental theory about how business works at its best and how it could work. It is concerning on the value creation and trade on how to manage a business effectively. A consequences of focusing on organization or company’s stakeholder is that the shareholder

Essay on The Parthenon- A Culture in Itself - 1652 Words

One of the most impressive accomplishments of Ancient Greece is the remarkable structure of the Parthenon on the Acropolis. The Parthenon is one of the most inspiring works of architecture known to mankind. The project of the extraordinary Acropolis was taken on by one of the most influential leaders of history, Pericles. Pericles influenced not only the building of one of the grandest works but the example of democracy displayed by the Greeks. The architecture was unique for its time, it featured excellent structure,the breathtaking Metopes featuring the epic battles of the gods, the Frieze a detailed sculpture displaying a procession of Greeks, and was built to house the magnificent statue of Athena adorned in gold. The Parthenon was†¦show more content†¦The Parthenon was built to express greatness of their influential society and honor the goddess Athena. The Golden Age of Athens is some times referred to as the Age of Pericles, one of the greatest leaders seen throughou t our history. The Parthenon would not have been possible without the efforts and supervision of Pericles, one of the greatest historical leaders. Pericles dominated Greek politics for over twenty years. He gained his political start with the help of Ephialtes, together they reorganized the voting process to involve a popular assembly destroying the power of the Areopagus or the old noble council. This action completely reformed the democratic system in Athens. This reform was affluential part to the legend of the power of Athenian democracy. (PBS) Many critiques of Pericles made gabs at this personal life in which his first wife born him two legitimate sons, he later divorced her. His later foreign lover was Aspasia she was described by Socrates as the most intelligent and witty woman of her time. Pericles treated her as an equal, which was unheard of during that age. They lived together but were never married. It was common for them to host the most intellectual company for part ies and conversation. Pericles was forced to defend Aspasia in a trial has he later gained power, and the only way his rivals could harm Pericles was by attacking those that were close to him.(PBS)Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Parthenon: The Epitome of Greek Culture 1136 Words   |  5 PagesMost every great culture in history has something for which they are famous. The Mayan civilization has the calendar, the Romans have the Colosseum, and I would like to suggest that the epitome of Greek culture is the Parthenon. It reflects the ideas and religious beliefs of the Greeks and incorporates the architectural brilliance seen first with the Greek people. The frieze, the religious idea behind the building of the temple, and the attention to detail in the Parthenon shows a genius that canRead MoreThe Role of Architecture in Art History1373 Words   |  5 PagesArchitecture has proven to be an important part of society and culture in both art history, and human history. Art is created to reflect the values of the society that creates it, and architecture is no different. Each piece of architecture can be identified by certain characteristics that makes it a part of a specific culture. Both the Great Stupa at Sanchi, located in central India, and the Parthenon, located in Greece, are examples of architecture that share similar characteristics, however canRead More Classical Architecture Essay595 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States where a Neo-Classical style predominates. The Lincoln Memorial built in 1822 embodies the conscious attempt to sanctify an American President with a classical model. It was based upon the quintessential classical building of the Parthenon. The Parthenon was built during the High Classical Period, when Periclean Athens was at its height. It more than any other building has come to symbolize the Classical ideal on which Western society supposedly stands. It came to represent the democraticRead MoreEssay about The Parthenon1272 Words   |   6 PagesTHE PARTHENON The Parthenon in Athens is the most important and characteristic monument of ancient Greek civilization, it is a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. It shows the finest point of Greek architecture, history and ancient Greek religious beliefs. The Parthenon is a temple dedicated to Athens patron goddess, Athena (Herbert, 2006:3). Athena was the goddess of civilization, wisdom, weaving, crafts and war. She never had a consort or lover, and so she was often known as Athena ParthenosRead MoreThe Classical Period Of Greece1725 Words   |  7 Pagesushered in great reformation, in which the city of Athens was placed on the map for its works of art, design and culture. The coordinator of such a vast change was Pericles , who in the fifth century BC, brought about the city’s most important buildings, namely the Propylaia, the Erechtheion and the Parthenon. Perhaps the finest example of architecture in the Periclean Acropolis, the Parthenon was also an inspiration for many arti sts, philosophers and writers alike. The building’s siting, detailing, useRead MoreThe Parthenon : A Greek Masterpiece1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Parthenon: A Greek Masterpiece â€Å"The most beautiful things in the world are there, Athens†¦The sumptuous temple of Athena stands out and is well worth a look. It is called the Parthenon and is on the hill above the theatre. It makes a tremendous impression on visitors.† (Heracleides of Crete, 3rd century BC) The Parthenon serves as a refined Greek Doric temple design that took approximately 2 centuries to achieve. This magnificent temple began undergoing construction in 447 BCE by architectsRead MoreThe Parthenon Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Parthenon There are some historians that believe before the Parthenon began, Athens concluded a peace treaty with Persia in 449 BC. The Athenian Empire was at the height of its power when the work on the Parthenon began in 447 BC and continued until 432 BC. The Delian League/Athenian Empire continued to exist even after the reason for its existence ceased to be valid. It is now openly acknowledged that Athens was not just the head of the Greek defense league but an imperial master over otherRead More Ideas of the Parthenon Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 5th century BC created a culture that was deeply rooted in philosophy and the arts. Their endless search for their place in the grand scheme of the universe and in nature around them influenced everything in their lives especially their love of the arts. Their drama, sculpture, and even architecture are all shining examples of the ideas that were so dominant in the minds of the Greek people. What could be considered the crown jewel of Greek architecture, the Parthenon, is one such of these examplesRead MoreWestern Ideas Flourished in the Greek Golden Age1096 Words   |  4 Pagesideals and creativity flourished. During this time this society built a monumental symbol of western culture known as the Parthenon on top of the acropolis in Athens, Greece. For over 2500 years the building as endured nature and human damages and is currently on the verge of collapsing where it stands. Currently, there is a restoration project in progress to take apart each piece of the Parthenon, repair them, and put them back together in an effort to save the once mighty structure. On the surfaceRead MoreBoth the Dome of the Rock, located in Jerusalem created in 687 AD with no artist, and the600 Words   |  3 Pageslocated in Jerusalem created in 687 AD with no artist, and the Acropolis, located in Athens Greece created in 450BC with no artist but commissioned by Pericles, are demonstrations of Sacred spaces that demonstrate dif ferent practices from two different cultures. Religious Islamic architecture is intricately related to Muslim prayer which is an obligation to do every day. The Dome of the Rock was said to be the first great Islamic building. The Muslims had taken the city of Jerusalem in 638 created the

Internet and relationship Free Essays

The word â€Å"dating† and â€Å"relationship† differs a lot from old times and now. Technology made a huge difference of the comprehension of â€Å"hookups†, â€Å"friends†, and â€Å"friends with benefits†. Internet, cell phones, blobs, and many other resources changed the way teenagers think about the opposite sex or the same sex as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet and relationship or any similar topic only for you Order Now Relationships turned out to be â€Å"the old fashion† and hookups are the best. First, relationships aren’t that serious anymore. Teens are looking for something new, meeting sexual, something to turn them on. Backbone is one of the most used sites in these days; it connects you to the world and let you meet a new different type of people worldwide. â€Å"Backbone is the most useful tool for dating since the invention of the box of chocolates. It may also be the most dangerous threat to dating since bad breath† (Fox, Stuart). This generation mostly thinks about hooking up with hot guys, pretty girls, kissing, having sex, hugging, and flirting. Through internet, two people can do a lot, they can chat, video cam, talk privately; meet new people and a lot more. Internet is not proper sometimes. A lot of websites and blobs are influencing teenagers to do bad stuff or to rush into things before its time. Backbone, Namespace, twitter, and many other social network websites aren’t private anymore. Anyone knows about you, what you like and don’t, your relationship status, and what you are looking for. â€Å"With social networking sites, with Backbone, if you click that you’re in a relationship, it [notifies] everyone that you’re in a relationship. Its public broadcasting, this isn’t part of a good relationship† (Fox, Stuart). Dating isn’t about love at first site, or waiting by her house. It is not about emotions anymore, it’s only about what a girl or a guy wants. They want something new, something to talk about or feel proud. â€Å"Social networking has created an array of new dating rules, making the old style â€Å"wait three days before calling† seem quaint by comparison† (Fox, Stuart). As for me, I see that this kind of relationships and the affection of the internet use is a problematic situation. Teenagers Just want to do what other people are doing whether it is right or wrong. They Just don’t want to be losers, so they adapt and do what their peers do. They hookup, do random sex, flirt, and that’s it. Nobody cares about each other feeling as long as you are getting what you want, everyone benefits from everyone. Finally, internet has played a big role not only in the teenager’s world but in everyone’s world. Time has changed; technology is getting better year after year. â€Å"Relationships† are now an old fashion way to go out with a guy/girl and in the end someone’s heart is going to be broken. Hooking up won’t get anyone’s heart tear apart, it is Just you do what you want to with no limits or rules as long as in the end they are Just called â€Å"friends†. Work cited Fox, Stuart. â€Å"Backbone adds new perils to ritual of dating†. Manic Cot 2. Web Cot 4. Definitions: Most of teenagers who engage in hookups still worry about being discreet. Discreet: having or showing discernment or good Judgment in conduct and especially in speech: prudent; especially: capable of preserving prudent silence. Tall and lanky Lanky: tall and lean, or long and slender: often used to suggest awkwardness in appearance or gait. How to cite Internet and relationship, Papers

The Ideals of the Code of Masculinity in Advertisements

Many print advertisements which promote cigarettes, alcohol, sport clothes, and perfume for males present strong men who embody the concept of masculinity. In spite of the fact it is popular today to focus on handsome and rather feminine men in advertisements, the idea of masculinity is widely supported in the media and advertising.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Ideals of the Code of Masculinity in Advertisements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his work, Michael Kimmel focuses on the key claim that the men’s life is regulated by a specific code of masculinity the basic norms of which are to never demonstrate emotions and weakness (Kimmel). This idea is reflected in the Stetson, Djarum Super, and Nike ads. Thus, masculinity is the complex notion which rules the life of men in order to confirm their gender, status, and social position. The Stetson, Djarum Super, and Nike advertisements s eem to be about energetic and confident men and about products which contribute to the males’ active behaviors, but these ads are really about the features and qualities which are associated with masculinity and actions of a ‘real man’ according to the definite code of conduct for males. Masculinity is a complex of rules and ideas which are usually followed by men during all their life. It depends on the demonstration of strength and focus on success and victory, the demonstration of aggression and readiness to risk. The physical attractiveness and emotional expressiveness are perceived as the female qualities that is why they are prohibited according to the ‘Guy Code’ or code of masculinity (Kimmel). Men are afraid of being compared with women when it is a result of the other men’s perception. The Stetson advertisement seems to be about a handsome man using the definite perfume. The advertisement to promote the Stetson perfume for males prese nts a man in a car against the background of the wild nature (â€Å"Stetson†). Discussing the visual with the help of the masculinity lens, it is necessary to concentrate on the details which can attract the men’s attention and become associated with masculinity in order to make the potential male customer buy the product. Thus, the man’s appearance is associated with strength because of the accentuated muscles and the definite male face expression with frowning brows. These details help create the image of a masculine man. The man is depicted in a red car, and the color is typically associated with courage and aggression. The background of the visual is the picture of the wild nature which can be connected with the pictures of the American wild territories (â€Å"Stetson†).Advertising Looking for critical writing on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Focusing on the pitch, this advertisem ent makes the audience believe that the portrayed man can be discussed as the image of the typical American who uses the production of the Stetson company because it emphasizes his masculinity. From this point, the cultural context of the advertisement is presented through the manipulation of the male American’s image. The above-mentioned details allow speaking about the effective usage of the masculinity idea in promotion. According to Kimmel, men are inclined to focus on the images of ‘real men’ during their childhood in order to follow these ideals during their ‘guy’ period (Kimmel). The advertisement can be discussed as depending on the strong associations which are the result of the men’s following the code of masculinity. Males are expected to positively react to such elements as the car, which is traditionally a ‘toy’ for adults, the red color associated with aggression, wild nature associated with risks, and muscles along with the masculine appearance associated with strength. Thus, the male image presented in the advertisement can be discussed as the embodiment of masculinity with references to many rules presented in the Guy Code. The Stetson advertisement seems to be about a handsome man using the definite perfume, but it can also be about the ideal embodiment of a man according to the code of masculinity which is based on associations. More direct messages are provided in the advertisement developed to promote the Djarum Super cigarettes (â€Å"Djarum Super†). The Djarum Super advertisement seems to be about an alpinist who can achieve the highest tops. Smoking is often discussed as a habit which is typical mainly for men. To make males buy the product, it is important to provide the association which will be pleasant for them. The visual represents a man climbing a rock against the background of strong grey and brown rocks and the pale sky. The man likes extreme, he is not afraid to risk because of focusing on strong feelings and emotions. Red colors are also presented in this visual to emphasize the atmosphere of risk and brutality (â€Å"Djarum Super†). If the man presented in the first advertisement evokes masculinity associations indirectly, the male figure depicted in the second advertisement is directly associated with a strong man who used to overcome problematic situations, barriers, and challenges in order to reach the top.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Ideals of the Code of Masculinity in Advertisements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advertisement makes the male audience believe that extreme and risks are characteristic for men, and it is one of the masculinity elements. It is possible to predict men’s interest in the brand of cigarettes promoted because of the vivid associations. Thus, the advertisement wants the viewer to believe that smoking is f or brave men who can achieve the highest tops. The cultural context is rather insignificant in this case. Following Kimmel’s discussion of masculinity and men’s fears to be considered as gays, it is necessary to note that the advertisement for the Djarum Super brand rejects any associations with feminine men. The presented man does not cry, but he is persistent while reaching the set goal. The image can be discussed as supported by the society in relation to the opinion on the ‘real man’ and idea of masculinity (Kimmel). As a result, the advertisement seems to be about brave alpinists, but it could be about such qualities as courage, persistence, confidence, and the ability to take risks which allow speaking about the male’s masculinity. Nevertheless, the message presented in the advertisement is more effective when it is accompanied by the written text. The advertisements developed to promote the Nike’s campaign seem to be about the famous s portsmen presenting the new shirts in a rather provocative manner. The advertisement with Aidil Zafuan where the man is stripping off his skin to represent the shirt is accompanied with the controversial slogan â€Å"Shirt on. Fear off† (â€Å"Nike†). This written text provides the direct reference to the code of masculinity according to which men should not feel any fear and demonstrate their weakness. The advertisement wants the viewer to believe that men should not feel fear and promote the associated Nike production. Sportsmen are the best models to emphasize the idea of the male strength. Men are interested in sport because they are interested in results, success, and victory. All these points along with the idea of avoiding fear are highlighted in the Nike advertisement. In spite of the fact the cultural context of the Nike advertisement is specific and the visual represents the Malaysian footballer, the masculinity idea is accentuated clearly and without referen ces to the national or cultural aspect.Advertising Looking for critical writing on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is possible to interpret the Nike advertisement with references to Kimmel’s claim and state that it is easier for men to skip off their skin than to admit or demonstrate their fear (Kimmel). Boys do not cry, and the advertisers operated this idea fully. The advertisement seems to be about sportsmen stripping off their skin, but it is really about the connection between sport, fashion, and masculinity because ‘real men’ do not feel fear and pain, and sportsmen are the best examples. While the discussed advertisements seem to be promoting the definite products, they are really promoting the image of a man based on the idea of masculinity and encouraging the associated males’ behaviors. A superficial viewer may believe the Stetson, Djarum Super, and Nike advertisements to be about energetic and confident men, but the viewer who is familiar with Kimmel’s claim would see the advertisements as really selling the image of a ‘real man’ whose masculinity is also associated with the usage of the promoted products. The above-mentioned advertisements attract the male audience because they operate the concepts related to the code of masculinity discussed by Kimmel. The code of masculinity stresses on definite attitudes and behaviors reflecting a man’s masculine nature, and these norms reject any signs of the feminine behaviors in men. However, the effect can be decreased, if the advertisements are done differently. I can state that if the Stetson advertisement focuses more on a handsome model, the idea to represent a ‘real man’ can fail. If the Djarum Super advertisement is represented with the changed illustration, the idea of masculinity will not work. If the Nike advertisement is presented with the other text, the whole message cannot be interpreted correctly. Thus, the idea of a ‘real man’ is a complex notion which includes definite actions, emotions, feelings, behaviors, and aspects of appearance, and the Stetson, Djarum Super, and Nike advertisements are developed to support this idea related to the masculinity concept. Works Cited â€Å"Djarum Super†. n.d. JPEG file. Web. Kimmel, Michael. â€Å"Bros before Hos: The Guy Code†. Rereading America. Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. USA: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2010. 608-617. Print. â€Å"Nike: Malaya Posters†. 2012. JPEG file. Web. â€Å"Stetson: Tom Brady†. 2007. JPEG file. Web. This critical writing on The Ideals of the Code of Masculinity in Advertisements was written and submitted by user Brantley Diaz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Haym Salomon, American Revolution Spy and Financier

Haym Salomon, American Revolution Spy and Financier Born to a Sephardic Jewish family in Poland, Haym Salomon emigrated to New York during the American Revolution. His work in support of the American Revolution- first as a spy, and later brokering loans- helped the patriots win the war. Fast Facts: Haym Salomon Also Known As: Chaim SalomonKnown For: Former spy and financial broker who worked in support of the American Revolution. Born: April 7, 1740 in Leszno, PolandDied: January 6, 1785 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Early Years Haym Salomon (born Chaim Salomon) was born on April 7, 1740 in Leszno, Poland. His family was part of a group of Sephardic Jews descended from Spanish and Portuguese immigrants. As a young man, Haym traveled all over Europe; like many Europeans, he spoke several languages. In 1772, Salomon left Poland, following the country’s partitioning that essentially removed its status as a sovereign nation. He decided to try his luck in the British colonies, and he emigrated to New York City. War and Espionage By the time the American Revolution broke out, Salomon had already established himself as a businessman and financial broker in New York City. At some point in the 1770s, he became involved in the patriot movement and joined the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization that fought against British taxation policies. Salomon had a supply contract with the patriot army, and at some point in 1776, he was arrested in New York by the British for espionage. Although it is not known for certain that Salomon was a spy, the British authorities seem to have thought so. However, they decided to spare him from the traditional death sentence for spies. Instead, they offered him a pardon in exchange for his linguistic services. The British officers needed translators to communicate with their Hessian soldiers, most of whom spoke no English at all. Salomon was fluent in German, so he served as an interpreter. This didn’t exactly work the way the British wanted it to, as Salomon used his translating as an opportunity to encourage as many as five hundred German soldiers to desert the British ranks. He also spent a lot of time helping patriot captives escape from British prisons. He was arrested for espionage again in 1778, and sentenced to death once more. This time, there was no offer of pardon. Salomon managed to escape, fleeing to Philadelphia with his wife and children. Although he was virtually penniless when he arrived at the rebel capital, within a short amount of time he re-established himself as a merchant and financial broker. Financing the Revolution Once he had settled comfortably in Philadelphia and his brokerage business was up and running, Salomon was appointed to the role of paymaster general for French troops fighting on behalf of the colonists. He was also engaged in selling securities that supported Dutch and French loans to the Continental Congress. In addition, he advanced funds personally to members of the Continental Congress, offering financial services below market rates. Over a three year period, Salomon’s financial contributions to George Washington and the war effort totaled well over $650,000, which translates to upwards of $18M in today’s currency. Much of this money was funneled into Washington’s accounts in the latter part of 1781. In August of 1781, British general Charles Cornwallis and his troops were penned in near Yorktown. Washington’s army had Cornwallis surrounded, but because Congress was essentially out of money, the continental troops hadn’t been paid in some time. They were also low on rations and crucial uniform components. In fact, Washington’s soldiers were close to staging a coup, and many were considering desertion as a better option than staying in Yorktown. According to legend, Washington wrote to Morris, and asked him to send Haym Salomon. Bruce Leighty / Getty Images Salomon managed to secure the $20,000 in finances that Washington needed to keep his men fighting, and ultimately, the British were defeated at Yorktown, in what would be the final major battle of the American Revolution. After the war ended, Salomon brokered numerous loans between other nations and the newly formed United States government. Final Years Sadly, Haym Salomons financial efforts during the war led to his downfall. He had loaned out hundreds of thousands of dollars during the Revolution, and because of the unstable economy in the colonies, most private borrowers (and even government entities) were unable to repay their loans. In 1784, his family was nearly penniless. Salomon died on January 8, 1785 at the age of 44 from complications from tuberculosis, which he had contracted while in prison. He was buried at his synagogue, Mikveh Israel, in Philadelphia. In the 1800s, his descendants unsuccessfully petitioned Congress for compensation. However, in 1893, Congress decreed that a gold medal be struck in Salomons honor. In 1941, the City of Chicago erected a statue featuring George Washington flanked by Morris and Salomon. Sources Blythe, Bob. â€Å"The American Revolution: Haym Salomon.†Ã‚  National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov/revwar/about_the_revolution/haym_salomom.html.Feldberg, Michael. â€Å"Haym Salomon: Revolutionary Broker.†Ã‚  My Jewish Learning, My Jewish Learning, www.myjewishlearning.com/article/haym-salomon-revolutionary-broker/.Percoco, James. â€Å"Haym Salomon.†Ã‚  American Battlefield Trust, 7 Aug. 2018, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/haym-salomon.Terry, Erica. â€Å"Haym Solomon: The Man Behind the Myth of the Dollars Star of David.†Ã‚  Jspace News, 12 Dec. 2016, jspacenews.com/haym-solomon-man-behind-myth-dollars-star-david/.

The 11 Worst Blizzards in U.S. History

The 11 Worst Blizzards in U.S. History It seems that every time a big snowstorm is in the forecast, the media hails it as record breaking or historic, in some way or another. But how do these storms truly match up to the worst storms to hit the United States? Take a look at some of the worst blizzards to ever hit U.S. soil. 11. The Chicago Blizzard of 1967 This storm dumped 23 inches of snow on northeast Illinois and northwest Indiana. The storm (which hit on January 26) wreaked havoc across metropolitan Chicago, leaving  800 Chicago Transit Authority buses and 50,000 automobiles abandoned all around the city. 10. The Great Blizzard of 1899 This devastating snowstorm was notable for the amount of snow it produced- around 20 to 35 inches- as well as where it hit the hardest, i.e. Florida, Louisiana, and Washington D.C. These southern regions are not normally accustomed to such large amount of snow and were thus even more overwhelmed by the snowy conditions.   9. The Great Storm of 1975 Not only did this intense storm drop two feet of snow over the Midwest over four days in January 1975, but it also created 45 tornadoes. The snow and the tornadoes were responsible for the deaths of more than 60 people and property damage topping $63 million. 8. The Knickerbocker Storm Over two days in late January 1922, nearly three feet of snow fell across Maryland, Virginia, Washington D.C., and Pennsylvania. But it wasnt just the amount of snow that fell- it was the weight of the snow. It was a particularly heavy, wet snow that collapsed houses and roofs, including the roof of the Knickerbocker Theater, a popular venue in Washington D.C., which killed 98 people and injured 133. 7. The Armistice Day Blizzard On November 11, 1940- what was then called Armistice Day- a strong snowstorm combined with fierce winds to create 20-foot snowdrifts across the Midwest. This storm was responsible for the deaths of 145 people and thousands of livestock. 6. The Blizzard of 1996 More than 150 people died during this storm that hit the east coast of the U.S. from January 6 to 8 of 1996. The blizzard, and subsequent flooding, also caused $4.5 billion in property damages. 5. The Childrens Blizzard This tragic storm occurred on January 12, 1888. While it packed only several inches of snow, this storm was most notable for the sudden and unexpected temperature drop that accompanied it. On what started as a warm day (by Dakota territory and Nebraska standards) of several degrees above freezing, temperatures instantly plummeted to a wind chill of minus 40.  Children, who were sent home by the teachers because of the snow, were unprepared for the sudden cold. Two hundred thirty-five kids died that day trying to get home from school. 4. The White Hurricane This blizzard- most notable for its hurricane force winds- is still the deadliest natural disaster to ever hit the Great Lakes region of the U.S. The storm hit on November 7, 1913, causing 250 deaths and packed winds sustained at over 60 miles per hour for almost twelve hours 3. The Storm of the Century On March 12, 1993- a storm that was both a blizzard and a cyclone wreaked havoc from Canada to Cuba. Labeled the Storm of the Century, this snowstorm caused  318 deaths and $6.6 billion in damage. But thanks to a successful five-day warning from the National Weather Service, many lives were saved thanks to the preparations that some states were able to put into place prior to the storm. 2. The Great Appalachian Storm On November 24, 1950, a storm rolled over the Carolinas on its way to Ohio that brought with it heavy rains, winds, and snow. The storm brought as much as 57 inches of snow and was responsible for 353 deaths and became a case study later used to track and predict weather. 1. The Great Blizzard of 1888 This storm, which brought 40 to 50 inches of snow to  Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York took the lives of more than 400 people throughout the northeast. This is the highest death toll ever recorded for a winter storm in the U.S. The Great Blizzard buried houses, cars, and trains and was responsible for the sinking of 200 ships due to its fierce winds.

Hypothesis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hypothesis - Assignment Example Iranian, are also pro-American, attacking the nuclear projects would result in many causalities since they are spread out which would again turn the Iranian citizens against America (Helman, 1). From this the first hypothesis can be developed. Other reasons why America may not launch an attack on Iran are that it would be against the international law of self defense where countries are only allowed to attack others when there are justifiable threats. This is not true for Israel since Iran is still one year away from producing nuclear weapons. Attacking Iran openly would also drive their activities underground which would create a more adverse threat to the world security (Helman, 1). From this, the second hypothesis can be developed. Helman, Christopher. â€Å"Israel has Nuclear Weapon but only Iran has nuclear Power†. Forbes. 21st October 2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2012/10/21/does-anyone-care-about-irans-nuclear-energy-program/ (accessed

Analysis of the UK Anti-Money Laundering legislation in the light of Coursework

Analysis of the UK Anti-Money Laundering legislation in the light of implementation of the EU Directives - Coursework Example The UK, being home to the global financial hub of London, has necessarily had to enact a number of measures traceable to the 1993 Money Laundering Regulations. The paper is an analysis of the UK Anti-Money Laundering legislation in the light of implementation of the EU Directives Money laundering is a criminal process of accruing supposedly legitimate assets or moneys, through diverse means and procedures, which are able to ‘clean’ illegal criminal proceeds. Fundamentally, due to its diverse impacts upon the economy, it has been vital for not only localized and regional attention but also global implementation of watchdog policy initiatives. The dynamic nature of criminal enterprise, has necessarily dictated the need for constant updating of prevailing legislation in line with the new methods, processes and avenues of laundering ‘dirty’ money. As a result, the term ‘Money laundering’, has come to be categorized and connected to other diverse forms of financial crime in relation to the general misuse of existing financial systems. Accordingly, under this categorization, diverse forms of financial system misuse i.e. of traditional and digital currencies, credit cards and securities amongst others, have been interlinked to the criminal act1. Furthermore, this has led to the association of terrorism funding, as well as diverse evasion measures of international sanctions with the criminal act of money laundering. Initially, pertinent legislation dealing with this form of criminal activity was mainly focused on local and regional settings, as various nations experienced the positive impacts of industrial growth. Accordingly, the diverse legislations enacted were principled along these contexts, mainly dealing on a local and national scale. However, due to the influence of gradual globalization process, there was need for a re-think of the prevailing preventative measures. Of fundamental importance, because of the link

Legalization of Marijuana Debate

Legalization of Marijuana Debate What if one of Americas most illegal plants was also one of the worlds most beneficial plants? Marijuana has a wide variety of different applications in society, but remains illegal by federal law.  Some states have decriminalized cannabis, but federal law does not recognize state law.  Suppose that by federal law, cannabis were a decriminalized or legal substance.  An entire new world of research could arise and each of its uses would become definitive.  Perceptions concerning the use of marijuana would likely be altered.  The decriminalization or legalization of marijuana would presumably cause many economical, industrial, and medical adaptations focused towards the benefit of the United States of America. Being an activist plays a key role in the decriminalization of marijuana. Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede or direct social, political, economic, or environmental change. Activists for the legalization of marijuana have made great strides in 20 states to date based upon the supporters of its medical uses. Although Congress classified marijuana as a Schedule 1 substance (a category of drugs not considered legitimate for medical use) in 1970, instantly making it the most widely used drug in the U.S. Many disagree with this and the fight (in the media, courts, and on the streets) raises ethical issues, such as whether or not the government should be allowed to govern what people do in their own homes. In fact, up until the government started imposing restrictions in 1930, physicians still widely prescribed marijuana to their patients for a variety of reasons that are similar to the reasons people use it today (Bostwick, 2012). Marijuana, as most people commonly know it, is actually a plant called hemp, or cannabis sativa. Hemp is any durable plant used since prehistory for many purposes, such as rope, paper, and clothing. The cannabis plant also produces three very important products that other plants do not (in usable form): seed, pulp, and medicine. The cannabis sativa plant grows as weed and cultivated plant all over the world in a variety of climates and soils (Legalizing Hemp 2). Marijuana has been used throughout history; in 6000 B.C. cannabis seeds were used as food in China; in 4000 B.C. the Chinese used textiles made of hemp; the first recorded use of cannabis as medicine in China was in 2727 B.C.; and in 1500 B.C. the Chinese cultivated Cannabis for food and fiber (Legalizing Hemp 2). MEDICAL USES Paul  Armentano, Deputy Director of the NORML (The National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws) Foundation, stated at the beginning of this year that scientists are investigating cannabinoids ability to moderate the pain associated with disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as the cannabinoids role in the treatment of several neurological disorders including Alzheimers disease and Lou Gehrigs disease (par.  3).  The cannabinoids contained in marijuana have the potential to provide therapeutic relief for a multitude of diseases.  The potential therapeutic uses of medical marijuana include relief from clinical conditions like gliomas, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimers, ALS, fibromyalgia, tourettes syndrome, dystonia, HIV, hepatitis c, hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea, gastrointestinal disorders, pruritis, incontinence, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (Armentano, par.  8).à ƒâ€šÃ‚  Armentano  also stated in his report in the  Recent Research on Medical Marijuana:  Investigators are currently studying the anti-cancer properties of cannabinoids.  A growing body of preclinical and clinical data concludes that cannabinoids can reduce the spread of specific cancer cells via apoptosis (programmed cell death) and by the inhibition of angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels).  Arguably, these latter trends represent far broader and more significant applications for cannabinoid therapeutics than researchers could have imagined some thirty or even twenty years ago (par.  4) If cannabis were to be decriminalized, an entirely new domain of medicinal research could possibly be unlocked.  The medicinal properties of marijuana including the transient as well as therapeutic relief to a broad list of clinical conditions could be further researched and bestowed upon society.  Allen F.  St.  P ierre states in his article  About Marijuana: Modern research suggests that cannabis is a valuable aid in the treatment of a wide range of clinical applications.  These include pain relief particularly of neuropathic pain (pain from nerve damage) nausea, spasticity, glaucoma, and movement disorders. Marijuana is also a powerful appetite stimulant specifically for patients suffering from HIV, the AIDS wasting syndrome, or dementia.  Emerging research suggests that marijuanas medicinal properties may protect the body against some types of malignant tumors and are neuroprotective.  (par.  10) Newer and healthier methods of the application of THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) could be researched in order to prevent any negative effects that inhaling the combusted material of cannabis may have on your respiratory system. New branches of research dedicated to showing the positive aspects of marijuana could be possible decriminalization were set in motion. Canada has already benefited tremendously from their nation-wide legalization of marijuana. Andrew D.  Hathaway and Kate Rossiter state in their article on Canadas society involving medical marijuana that In 2001, Canada announced it would be the first country to legalize cannabis for therapeutic purposes and earmarked funding for clinical trials.  By June, 2007, legal access had been granted to about 1,800 patients with terminal illnesses and serious medical conditions (1). Not only does cannabis have the potential to provide the United States with an extremely broad range of medical application, but this plant also has the potential to provide various industrial applications. INDUSTRIAL USES Hemps uses include but are certainly not limited to: fuel; food (hemp seeds provide an incredible source of protein-not only for people but for birds who seek out hemp seeds which have been mixed with other seeds); paper; textiles, (i.e. canvas, paper, cloth, rope); paint; detergent; varnish; oil; medicine; and building materials. Almost any product that can be made from wood, cotton, or petroleum (including plastics) can be made from hemp. Every year the United States government spends billions of dollars to fund the war on drugs, which is conducted mainly by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). More specifically, the extremely well funded Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program (DCESP) is the portion of the DEA that specifically deals with the enforcement of cannabis laws. In the last 25 years, the enforcement of cannabis prohibition has grown stricter. Despite this, marijuana production in the U.S. has increased ten-fold since 1982 (Crop Report 17). Along with this increased production and DEA enforcement, the cost of the war on marijuana has increased greatly in the last few decades. For example, in 2002 roughly 730,000 people were arrested for state marijuana charges meaning they did not possess enough to get charged federally. The total criminal justice  cost of these marijuana arrests was about $7.6 billion, which equates to roughly $10,400 per arrest (NORML 131). The legalization of marijuana would eliminate the need for all these arrests which would result in an economic boost, not to mention save the money required to incarcerate someone for said offense. In addition to reducing the amount of money spent keeping marijuana illegal, the legalization of marijuana would free up much needed space in our already overcrowded jails. U.S. citizens account for about 5% of the worlds population, yet U.S. prison inmates account for 25% of the worlds prisoners (Eitzen 368). By eliminating the need for marijuana related arrests, a great burden would be lifted off of our police force. Our police would be able to focus their energy on the real criminals in our nation as opposed to wasting money charging citizens with minor marijuana offenses. Most importantly, the legalization of marijuana would eliminate all of the crime involved with marijuana such as sale, possession, paraphernalia, and cultivation.   The Author of Social Problems, Stanley Eitzen explains the concept behind why the legalization of marijuana would do so:  organized crime, which now acquires most of its income from providing illegal goods and services, would no longer be able to hide its investments and profits. Thus, laws against victimless crimes are indirectly responsible for maintaining organized crime (Social Problems 352).   By making marijuana legal, it makes it impossible for criminals to conduct crimes involving marijuana. However, the prohibitive laws regarding marijuana provide organized criminals with one of their most lucrative source of income: the sale of illegal marijuana. Legislation against marijuana does not eliminate the demand for it amongst society either. Due to marijuana being illegal, the price of marijuana is much higher than what it would be if legal. This unintended result of the prohibitive laws against marijuana has caused a slight increase in crime revolved around the purchase of the herb. New crimes are being committed to produce money so that users can afford the high prices; though not as severe as a crime directly related to the sale and cultivation of marijuana, any crime eliminated because of legalization helps. The eradication of crime associated with marijuana and the corresponding money earned as a result will only become possible through the regulation and production of marijuana by the U.S. government. These would not be the only benefits legalization would have to offer either; the government could generate substantial contributions to the economy through the taxation and sale of marijuana within our borders. Ultimately, the war on marijuana has failed. Marijuana use and production continue to increase from year to year despite the increased efforts against marijuana. New regulatory policies need to be researched and tried if the government ever wants to have control over one of the  biggest issues in the war on drugs. ECONOMIC BENEFITS Today marijuana is the number one cash crop in America, generating over $35 billion in dirty money each year (Crop Report 14). That is $18 billion more than second most generated crop corn. Although the prices of marijuana would decline if legalized, the government could still make enormous amounts of money through the taxation, production and sale of marijuana. Marijuana is the fourth most widely used psychoactive drug in the U.S., following caffeine, nicotine and alcohol (Eitzen 385). Caffeine, nicotine and alcohol, are all legal, regulated by the government and all contribute greatly to our economy. Why not do so with cannabis? Tobacco addiction resulting from cigarette smoking kills more Americans than alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, homicide, suicide, fires, car accidents, and AIDS combined (Eitzen 389). Yet the government encourages and regulates the sale of cigarettes, this is because the tobacco industry is a major contributor to the U.S. economy. Roughly $158 billion are ge nerated each year by the tobacco industry (Eitzen 389). Aside from the sale of cigarettes, tobacco companies spent $21.2 million professional lobbying firms in 2003, which amounts to more than $127,000 for every day Congress was in session (Eitzen 390). Government intervention in the theoretical cannabis industry could produce monetary gains similar to that of the tobacco industry through essentially the same means. Alcohol, the third most used drug in America, is another example of how government regulation of a drug can be successful. Each year, the government makes billions off of the regulation and sale of alcohol. In addition to the revenues that could be generated through the sale of marijuana, the government could institute a marijuana tax, which would only increase revenues. POLITICAL ASPECT In California On November 2, 2010, Proposition 19 failed at the polls. If it passed, marijuana would have been decriminalized, and the government would have been allowed to regulate and penalize marijuana use and distribution to generate additional revenue (Viswanthan 1). Small groups have risen throughout the United States, primarily in California, advocating for marijuana legalization. One of the most well known groups and Californias largest medical group, the California Medical Association, has also endorsed the legalization of marijuana. But if a similar proposition is proposed, President Barack Obama will not support it. In a press conference in Colombia, Obama said he would engage in a debate regarding legalizing drugs, but elaborated that his administration will not support any bill to legalize them (2). With elections approaching, his stance from 4 years ago has shifted greatly. Presidential  GOP  candidate Mitt Romney has explicitly expressed his dissension around medicinal marijuana in his campaign. After hearing from an individual with muscular dystrophy about his need for medicinal marijuana to survive, Romney repeated fervently that he was not in favor of legalizing medicinal marijuana. The young man with the degenerative illness expressed his worries to the candidate and showed genuine concern for his survival. Five different doctors had recommended the use of medicinal marijuana for this patient, yet the federal government continues to impose fear by prosecuting those who use and prescribe such treatment. Romney continued to ignore his pleas and ended the conversation by walking away from the wheelchair-bound man (CNN). Potential third party candidates such as Ron Paul and Gary Johnson have voiced their support concerning the legalization of marijuana, and have clearly made it known that if they are elected, they will take measures to legalize the drug nationwide (Viswanthan 2). During his 30 years in the House of Representatives, Paul has authored and co-authored multiple marijuana-friendly bills. Hes proposed laws to  decriminalize marijuana, permit industrial hemp farming, and constitutionally delegate to states how to enforce extant medical marijuana (Camia 1).   For those who favor the legalization of marijuana, the ideology revolving around the subject is conveyed perfectly by  Thomas Szasz, a libertarian,   I favor free trade in drugs for the same reason the Founding Fathers favored free trade in ideas. In an open society, it is none of the governments business what idea a man puts into his mind; likewise, it should be none of the governments business what drug he puts into his body (74). Though the federal government did not adopt this ideology, there are other valid reasons that the legalization and regulation of marijuana in the U.S. would provide our nation with significant benefits. The taxation and sale of marijuana alone would provide immense economic contributions. The ending of the war against marijuana would save billions of dollars spent each year hunting down and incarcerating marijuana offenders. The potential that marijuana has to offer as a medicine are all possible results of the legalization of marijuana in the United States. OPPOSING VIEWS Scientific studies may have conflicting results, but overall they link smoking marijuana to heart and lung disease, throat cancer, and a decreased memory capacity. Making marijuana legal would increase the number of people being affected by these diseases. Others point to the staggering amount of drugs that have been seized coming into the United States. They point to how drug use is strongly linked to criminal activity, and predict that legalizing marijuana would lead to an increase in violence and crime (Two Sides of the Conflict Anti-Marijuana). The federal government, which overall is working to keep marijuana illegal, agrees that there is no real benefit to legalizing marijuana. Gil Kerlikowske, director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy wrote As a former police chief, I recognize we are not going to arrest our way out of the problem. We also recognize that legalizing marijuana would not provide the answer to any of the health, social, youth education, criminal justice, and community quality of life challenges associated with drug use.(Gane-McCalla) SOLUTIONS One of the main reasons that cannabis has not been legalized in the U.S. is the perceived danger that smoking it presents to its user; the perception that getting high is harmful. Yes, smoking cannabis is bad for you, but smoking anything is bad for you. Most of the negative health effects that cannabis users experience are a result of the act of inhaling smoke into their lungs, not the actual THC present. Cannabis can be consumed in ways that do not involve combustion, such as edibles or the use of a vaporizer. Through healthier consumption, marijuana can be used medically to relieve certain patients of pain and other ailments as well as serve as a basis for newer, more effective cannabinoid drug development. The legalization of marijuana would help capitalize on the medicinal benefits that THC and other  cannabinoids  present in marijuana have to offer. Though large amounts of THC have been found to disrupt short-term memory and impair motor skills, THC has also been proven to help relieve symptoms of many common health problems (Joy 51). In particular, medical marijuana has had the most significant effect on patients suffering from symptoms such as chronic pain, nausea, appetite loss, muscle spasms, insomnia, and glaucoma (Joy 51). There are plenty of legally prescribed drugs that are often used to treat symptoms like those mentioned above; however many of them can be expensive, cause undesirable side effects, and in several cases can become addictive. For example, Xanax and Vicitin are two of the most widely distributed prescription painkillers on the market today despite their high cost and high risk of dependence. In addition, they are most frequently prescribed to patients experiencing symptoms that THC has been found to alleviate. Not to say that medical marijuana, or THC, will always be better than Xanax or Vicitin or any other prescription drug because there are extreme cases where medical marijuana would not suffice. However, medical marijuana would offer a cheap alternative to expensive prescription drugs without the negative side effects or risk of addiction. Despite popular belief, marijuana has not been proven to be physically addictive. Studies indicate that day-to-day marijuana users will develop a minor physiological addiction to the drug, but no evidence was present of a physical addiction one might face with cocaine, heroin or even caffeine abuse (Joy 92). This trait of THC is but another reason that the developmen t of more advanced cannabinoid based drugs should be looked into if marijuana were legalized. The idea of synthetic THC or a pill form of THC is not a new one. Scientists developed Marinol, the only cannabinoid approved for marketing in the U.S., was introduced in 1985. Although Marinol was not a huge success and is rarely used today, it did lead to the discovery of the neuroprotective qualities  cannabinoids  possess. Janet Joy, author of Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base, explains neuroprotection: One of the most prominent new applications of  cannabinoids  is for neuroprotection, the rescue of neurons from cell death associated with trauma, ischemia, and neurological diseases (202). This quality of  cannabinoids  could prove to be valuable in the development of medicines designed to slow the deterioration of the brain, such as certain types of brain damage and other illnesses causing brain damage. If the use of medical marijuana were legal, people would be provided with a cheaper, and if consumed properly, sometimes healthier alternative to certain ailments they may be experienci ng. Along with the numerous medical uses marijuana already has to offer, the legalization of marijuana would enable scientists to develop state of the art medicines involving  cannabinoids.  Investigators are currently studying the anti-cancer properties of cannabinoids.  A growing body of preclinical and clinical data concludes that cannabinoids can reduce the spread of specific cancer cells via apoptosis (programmed cell death) and by the inhibition of angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels).  Arguably, these latter trends represent far broader and more significant applications for cannabinoid therapeutics than researchers could have imagined some thirty or even twenty years ago (par.  4) . If cannabis were to be decriminalized, an entirely new domain of medicinal research could possibly be unlocked.  The medicinal properties of marijuana including the transient as well as therapeutic relief to a broad list of clinical conditions could be further researched and bestowed upon society.  Allen F.  St.  Pierre states in his article  About Marijuana: Modern research suggests that cannabis is a valuable aid in the treatment of a wide range of clinical applications.  These include pain relief particularly of neuropathic pain (pain from nerve damage) nausea, spasticity, glaucoma, and movement disorders. Marijuana is also a powerful appetite stimulant specifically for patients suffering from HIV, the AIDS wasting syndrome, or dementia.  Emerging research suggests that marijuanas medicinal properties may protect the body against some types of malignant tumors and are neuroprotective.  (par.  10) DISCUSSION There are laws in place making it illegal for anyone under the age of eighteen (in most states) to purchase Nicotine products, and twenty one to purchase alcohol products. Thoughts are that at eighteen/twenty one, one is old enough to have been properly educated and understand what it is they are doing when they purchase these products. Why cant we do this with the legalization of marijuana?    Maybe we should look to European countries for the answer to marijuana legality. Many have made their laws less strict or repealed them entirely, which were fashioned after laws made here in the United States, in favor of the legalization of marijuana. Commander Brain Paddock in a neighborhood of London called Brixton ran a small experiment. Over a six month period, he instructed his officers to warn those caught with small amounts of marijuana rather than arrest them. At the end of those six months, Scotland Yard issued a report that stated more than 2500 hours of manpower was saved by giving warnings (Katz). Not making arrests meant not spending valuable time transporting prisoners and filling out paper work, not to mention court time and costs saved prosecuting those arrested. That time could then be spent on investigating and enforcing other more serious criminal activities. Marijuana use is legal or otherwise overlooked, in many European areas such as Holland. In an article called Europe Loosens Its Pot Laws, written for Rolling Stone Magazine, Gregory Katz wrote that Senior Drug Policy Advisor to the Dutch Minister of Health, Bob Krizer, has said marijuana consumption in Holland has been consistently lower over the past twenty-five years than it has in the United States. During those same twenty-five years, the United States had been waging the War on Drugs, while Holland had been embracing a more liberal policy. Mr. Krizer also states that their rate of harder drug addicts is largely lower than many other countries that have stricter drug policies (Katz). If true, this goes a long way towards proving education is a much better way to get a message across than making laws and arresting people. CONCLUSION Marijuana has the potential to be one of the most useful substances in the world. Even though cannabis prevails as possibly one of the most useful plants on the face of the Earth, it still remains illegal in the United States. With countless uses, whether they be industrial, medical, or economical, it is hard to believe that marijuana still remains a regulated and prohibited substance. It seems as if this harmless flower is considered illegal for no other reason than to be considered illegal. Cannabis is a possible nationwide head start towards the economys stability and withholds the potential to assist in the addressing of some of the United States most pressing issues.  The decriminalization of cannabis has the potential to become one of the greatest economical advances in the history of the United States of America. If people took action and the government legalized it today, we will immediately see benefits from this decision. People suffering from illnesses ranging from manic depression to Multiple Sclerosis would be able to experience relief. The government could make billions of dollars off of the taxes it could impose on its sale, and its implementation into the industrial world would create thousands of new jobs for the economy. Also, because of its role in paper making, the rain forests of South America can be saved from their current fate of extinction. No recorded deaths have ever occurred as a result of marijuana use, it is not physically addictive like alcohol or tobacco, and most doctors will agree it is safer to use than those substances. A quote by Abraham Lincoln describes the situation perfectly. Prohibitiongoes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a mans appetite by legislation and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes. A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded. Marijuana being illegal has no validity at all. Due to all the positive aspects of marijua na it should be legalized in the United States.  

Genetically Food Essay

An arguable statement about genetically engineered food being the means to end hunger around the world is gaining momentum as the population continues to increase and people continue to die of starvation. In the biotech world, what is known as agricultural biotechnology, supporters believe that this could guarantee and maintain food security for the hungry. On the other hand many people have concerns over consuming genetically engineered food. Many foods on the market today contain some part of GM (genetically modified) food. Approximately 85% of corn, 91% of soybeans, and 88% of cottonseed are genetically engineered which are used on food for human consumption. (http://truefoodnow. org/campaigns/genetically-engineered-foods/) The question remains on whether genetically engineered food safe? Various groups do not deem biotechnology as the answer to ending world hunger but they consider poverty to be the reason for the shortage of food worldwide. In order to discuss the possible advantages or disadvantages of genetically engineered food, it must be defined. Genetic Engineering as defined by Merriam-Webster is a group of applied techniques of genetics and biotechnology used to cut up and join together genetic material and especially DNA from one or more species of organism and to introduce the result into an organism in order to change one or more of its characteristics. The term Genetically Modified is commonly used term to describe food that has been modified in a laboratory to produce preferred traits such as resistance to pest and diseases, increased nutritional value, and much more. Farmers have been crossbreeding animals and plants for years to produce desired traits but this traditional form can be a lengthy process and not very accurate at times. Using a laboratory for genetic engineering not only can they yield the traits being sought after but can do it in a much faster rate and with more accuracy. In 2008, GM crops were planted on an estimated 308. 8 million acres worldwide, a year-over-year increase of 26. 4 million acres. (Turk & Bensel, 2011) There are currently 25 countries growing genetically engineered crops. (Turk & Bensel, 2011) In 1994 the first genetically engineered whole product, a tomato, went on the market. (Whitman) This not a new technology but people are becoming more aware of what they are in taking with their food. Supporters of GM food say that these foods pose no risk and are not different from conventional foods. As Tietel and Wilson stated in their book, Genetically Engineered Foods: Changing the Nature of Nature: What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself, Your Family, and Your Planet, would you want to be on a jetliner and open your morning paper as the plane is taking off see that they are just now doing test to determine whether or not the new model plane you are in is safe? Of course not, one would hope that all testing has been done prior to the plane being put into use. Our government, scientists, and researchers who support the concept are willing to allow genetically engineered food into our diets without sufficient testing being done to understand any long term effects. Numerous environmental groups feel that genetic engineering must be discarded due to the unknown effects they may have on humans. Some of the main arguments against GM foods are what environment hazards they may cause, the health risk to humans, and economic concerns. Genetically modified food is already present in some many food sources that we ingest; one would have to ask if there disadvantages to producing and utilizing genetically engineered food? Like anything else that is done there are hazards associated with the process and they must be addressed. The FDA set forth guidelines for testing to ensure the safety of bioengineered food. In 1994 they also established a consultation process to assist developers in meeting the safety standards set forth in their guidelines. (Bren, 2003) The problem many protestors of GM food see is that the consultation is not mandatory and is only on a volunteer basis. Nothing guarantees that all companies are using the volunteer process although the FDA believes they all are. A main safety concern involving genetically modified crops is the danger of introducing allergens and toxins into these foods. The news will report on huge jumps in childhood food allergies, but the reports fail to consider the link between the changes in America’s diet. (Smith, 2007) In the 1990s a study was done showing that people who were allergic to nuts had an allergic reaction to soybeans that had been altered using a protein found in Brazil Nuts. Some people have severe food allergies to nuts and reactions can be life threatening. The only way to conclusively test for allergies is by human consumption. Opponents of GM food state the people are being used as guinea pigs. (Smith, 2007) Incidents such as the allergic reactions to GM soybeans shows how vitally important it is to label products that have been engineered. Governments and factions that back genetically engineered foods don’t feel labeling are necessary because they say there is no significant difference between GM food and unmodified food. â€Å"If genetically modified food is going to be a success, we have to market it, not hide it,† said Elbert van Donkersgoed, executive director of the Christian Farmers’ Federation of Ontario. (Strathdee, 1999) Consumers have the right to be informed. Organic foods are labeled; beef that has been grass fed only and contains no hormones are labeled, as well as eggs that were produced by cage free chickens. Everything has a label saying what it is made of except when it comes to GM food. By not labeling GM products it makes it seem as if there is something to hide about them. Fears over what genetically modified crops may do to the environment have activist condemning corporations for putting profit over possible hazards. Herbicide-tolerant crops are designed to tolerate herbicides that are used to kill unwanted plants such as weeds but can also kill the crop. These types of are commonly known as Roundup ready because they are designed to resist Monsanto’s glyphosate herbicide, known as Roundup. (Turk & Bensel, 2011) The worries is that weeds will cross-breed with the Roundup ready crops and create a super weed that will be hard to kill. Now the weeds that died when treated with Roundup are now resistant just like the crops. Having super weeds would force companies to come up with different chemical compounds to combat the issue possibly causing new toxins to be released into the environment. Roundup ready seeds become useless and now farmers lose money because they can’t keep the weeds out of their crops. Not only do you worry about cross-breeding the possibility of cross-pollination can happen from one farmer’s field of GM crops to another farmer’s field of non GM crops. Farmers have been sued because companies feel slighted saying that GM seeds were used and they received no money from it. Moral questions are raised whether it is truly about the money are helping to produce better food sources? Along with herbicide-tolerant crops, you also have insect-resistant crops that have pesticides inserted to help with pest control. Just like with herbicide-tolerant crops, you run the risk of insects mutating and no longer being affected by the pesticide. DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) which was developed in the 1940s was used to fight insect-borne diseases such as malaria, typhus, and others that effected crops and animals as well. For awhile it was affective on mosquitoes but some species became immune to and rendering it ineffective. It was eventually banned due to be harmful to humans and the environment in the United States. Using crops that have pesticides in them we run the risk of pesticides becoming useless. Besides the health and environmental hazards, there are also economic concerns as well. Making genetically modified food is costly and lengthy process and agricultural companies are looking to make a profit. They patent their products and technologies so that no one can violate their rights and use them. Consumers worry about prices been driven up by the patents and farmers and poorer countries not being able to pay for them. With all these negative aspects that I have mentioned it no wonder that so many are against the use and genetically modified crops. Consumer advocates see that most companies seem to be in it for the financial gain and not to end world hunger. Not every aspect involving genetically modified crops is bad. They contain some very good attributes that may be able fix the supply and demand for food for the world’s growing population. Food would no longer be a scarce commodity and the supply could be increased to meet the demands of a growing population. The main advantages of bioengineered crops are the ability to incorporate pesticides and herbicides into the seed, being able to increase the nutritional value to better meets the needs of the impoverished, pharmaceutical purposes, cold and drought tolerance, and phytoremediation. Crop losses for farmers from insects can ravage them financially cause famine for third world countries. Due to the threat of insects farmers use a lot of chemicals to protect their crops. Chemicals have proven to be harmful to the environment, animals, and humans. Agricultural waste has polluted water ways and damaged some ecosystems beyond repair. Genetically modified crops with pesticides added into them reduces the need to spray large amounts of chemicals that pollute the air and water. Similar to crops altered with pesticides, herbicide-tolerant plants reduce the amount of herbicides used keep crops from being killed by them lessens the destructive outcome on the environment. Spraying herbicides is very time consuming and often will take multiple sprayings to be affective. Expenses associated with treating crops are reduced and agricultural waste is nearly eliminated. This transforms to savings for consumers and makes food more affordable for those living in poverty. Certain areas of the world are prone to drought while others may have unexpected frost. Scientist and developers have created an anti-freeze gene that will keep crops from dying off in during a cold snap. With climate change and weather becoming unpredictable this technology will benefit so many. In countries like Africa that dessert conditions farmers will be able to grow crops that are able to survive long periods without rain. States that receive snow and freezing temperatures as earlier as October will be able to yield crops after the first frost. Everyone has seen the commercials on of the starving children asking to you to give just thirty cents a day to help feed them. Children featured are malnourished and living off nothing more than rice and water. Where poverty is so far spread in underdeveloped countries and people’s diet only consist of a few items, they still lack the necessary nutrients that are needed for survival. Consequences of not getting a balanced diet full of vitamins and minerals will cause many to die or suffer other ailments that are preventable with vitamins and minerals such as blindness. What if the rice may possibly be altered to add in the vital missing vitamins and minerals? The nutritional value of the food could be enhanced to include beta-carotene which is vitamin A, that would fix the deficiency and keep people from going blind due to the lack there of this vitamin. Researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Institute for Plant Sciences have created a strain of â€Å"golden† rice containing an unusually high content of beta-carotene. (Whitman, 2000) There millions of people around the world in undeveloped countries and are impoverished and unable to afford life saving vaccines and medicines. Vaccines and medicine are costly to produce and sometimes require certain storage conditions which a lot of countries don’t have where the poor live. Scientists are growing plants that will produce anti-bodies to fight heart disease, cancer, and tooth decay. (Bren, 2003) Not only that, they are also experimenting with fruits and vegetables that contain vaccines. This would make them so much easier to ship, store, and administer compared to traditional ways. Countless lives may possibly be saved. Survival of the human race and the ending of pointless suffering is great advantage to biotechnology. Humans have caused so much pollution to the planet. Numerous ecosystems have been destroyed and thousands of species are now extinct. Phytoremediation is the altering of plants such as trees to help clean up heavy metal contamination from the soil. The roots would soak up contaminates and clean the soil so that it becomes viable once again. Pollution plagues society in almost everything we do. Biotechnology is the wave of the future. Advocates of GM food truly feel that the technological advances ought to be seen as beneficial and way to end global hunger and help the environment. Famine and malnourishment could be things of the past. Picture a world where everyone has enough food to eat, afforded medicines, and vaccines, and the environment is cleaner due to less chemicals being used. Scientist and researchers are always looking for ways to better the planet for the survival of mankind for generations to come. The issue arises is that there are still so many unknowns with genetically modified food. Further test need to be conducted to fully conclude that no long term effects exist and that is safe for humans and animals. The answer to world hunger is staring us in the face and through proper education we should not be afraid to use it. References http://www. epa. gov/pesticides http://www. merriam-webster. com http://truefoodnow. org/campaigns/genetically-engineered-foods/ Bren, L.(2003). Genetic Engineering: the Future of Foods? FDA Consumer; Nov/Dec 2003; 37, 6; Research Library Core pg. 28 Marshall, M. (2012). GM food: The Case For The defense. New Scientist, 216(2886), 8-9. Smith, J. (2007). Genetically Engineered Foods May Cause Rising Food Allergies—Genetically Engineered Soybeans Retrieved from http://www. responsibletechnology. org/gmo-dangers/health-risks Strathdee, M. (1999). Group demands mandatory labeling of genetically altered food. Canadian Press News Wire. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/359528626? accountid=32521 Thomas, L. Of, T. P. (2002). Genetically altered food creates labeling dilemma for the industry. St. Louis Post – Dispatch. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/402087128? accountid=32521 Teitel, M. , & Wilson, K. (1999). Genetically Engineered Foods : Changing the Nature of Nature: What You Need to Know to Protect Yourself, Your Family, and Your Planet. Park Street Press. Turk, J. , & Bensel, T. (2011). Contemporary environmental issues. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc Whitman, D. (2000). Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? Retrieved from http://www. csa. com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview. php.