Ocean Habitats - 2966 Words

An Ocean Habitat or sometimes refer to as a marine environment is a place in the ocean where plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. An Ocean habitat is a place where communities of organisms live. The three main ocean habitats of the ocean are the open water, the soft sandy to muddy bottom and the hard shore. Examples of ocean habitats are the coral reefs, the estuaries and the abyssal zone. Habitats can be classified in a number of ways in order to compare them at different times, across different geographic areas, and in terms of different life history strategies. Habitats are as varied as the animals that live in them and each could be infinitely described, but another general way to†¦show more content†¦Estuaries are created by the tide. They are mixtures of salt water coming in from the ocean and fresh water entering the ocean from the river. The salt water is pushed under the fresh water causing an abundance of sea life to live in the estuary. Yet animals that live in the estuaries still have adapt to the water change caused by the tides. More on Salt in Seawater. They either have to leave the estuary at low or high tide, or adapt to both kinds of water. At low tide the water is mostly fresh water, and at high tide the water is mostly salty. Thousands of birds populate the area and depending on the food they eat they have to migrate maybe once, or two times a day. The tide changes twice a day and because of this fisherman also have to regulate their fishing around the schedule. So the saying nature prevails itself really adds truth to the state of an estuary. Kelp forests are a feature of many cool water environments around the world and Australia supports some excellent examples of these forests of the sea. Kelp forests are also a feature of the west coast of North and South America, the North West Pacific including Korea, New Zealand, South Africa, and many of the islands in the Southern Ocean. Kelp forests usually grow on sub tidal rocky reefs although some kelps are able to grow on smaller scattered rocks. In general they grow on reefs in waters to a maximum ofShow MoreRelatedSeaworld, California And Virginia1582 Words   |  7 Pagesthat parks like SeaWorld are necessary for educational purposes, they need to realize that these animals are not here so we can seize them from their natural habitats and watch them swim in cramped tanks. SeaWorld needs to discontinue their capturing of whales for the enjoyment of humans because wild animals belong in their natural habitat. In 2012, Judge Jeffrey Miller of San Diego threw out a lawsuit prosecuting SeaWorld of enslaving orcas. A group known as People for the Ethical TreatmentRead MoreAnimals Should Not Be Held Captivity1588 Words   |  7 PagesShould Not Be Held in Captivity Animal captivity has been an ongoing debate for over 60 years. There should be no question about whether animal captivity is wrong. â€Å"Hundreds of thousands of wild animals across the world are snatched from natural habitats, forced into captivity and subjected to abuse, both mentally and physically, in the name of entertainment and profit.† (World Animal Protection 1) Places such as the circus use abusive training methods such as, hooks, chains, whips, electric rodsRead MoreBPs Commitment to the Recovery of Natural Resources863 Words   |  3 Pagesprojects will restore and enhance wildlife, habitats and the services provided by those habitats, as well as provide additional access for fishing, boating and related recreational uses. The projects are in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi. The trustees approved the projects in April 2012 following a public review and comment period and implementation began in the same year. Phase II projects Two additional projects will improve beach nesting habitat for birds in Alabama, Florida and MississippiRead MoreDescriptive Essay - My Eyes And Imagine1611 Words   |  7 Pagesruins habitats and animal homes, disrupting food chains which leads to effecting humans too! And you know what, these are heritage trees. If the process of making wood involves chopping down trees it should only be sustainable and Not involve chopping down old, beautiful heritage trees, or planting pines because they kill any plants within a certain range of their roots, but it should be sustainable plants that have been planted purposely for chopping them down and has not ruined any habitats! PlusRead MoreAnimals Should Not Be Held Captivity1590 Words   |  7 PagesShould Not Be Held in Captivity Animal captivity has been an ongoing debate for over 60 years. There should be no question about whether animal captivity is wrong. â€Å"Hundreds of thousands of wild animals across the world are snatched from natural habitats, forced into captivity and subjected to abuse, both mentally and physically, in the name of entertainment and profit.† (World Animal Protection 1) Places such as the circus use abusive training methods such as, hooks, chains, whips, electric rodsRead MoreZoos, Circuses, and Aquariums: Cruel and Unjust Essay1933 Words   |  8 PagesPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania. In these early zoos, animals were kept in small, uncomfortable cages, and in 1907, Carl Hagenbeck opened a zoo where the animals were exhibited on artificial islands that attempted to mimic their natural habitats (Evans). Sadly, even the best artificial habitats cannot come close to the freedom animals possess in their true homes. At some zoos, living conditions are often poor with animals limi ted to cramped, dirty enclosures (PETA). For example, elephants are usually kept in enclosuresRead MoreSatisfy Our Greed And Our Needs?984 Words   |  4 Pagesselfishness and ignorance of what is happening to the environment is causing further damage than the natural destruction and change of nature. The lengths we have taken to satisfy our greed has led to the destruction of natural resources, environment, and habitats, effectively disrupting the life of thousands of species. As the homo sapiens population continues to grow, so does the never ending rate of the consumption of nature. It is increasingly difficult to find areas untouched by human influence as moreRead MoreCoastal Change : The Ocean Essay1869 Words   |  8 PagesLinda O’Hirok ESRM 100 Sec. 04 31 October 2016 Coastal Change: The Ocean The ocean is an extraordinary working machine. It benefits from itself as we benefit from it. This machine controls the earth’s climate, offers food for oceanic species and humans, trade, commercial and industrial transport, natural medicines and of course recreation (Ocean and Human Health, seaweed.com). Consequently, we need to be aware on how we use the ocean due to its rich, and yet scarce, resources and convenience. ThisRead MoreThe Habitat Of A Habitat Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesA habitat is the environment in which an organism, species, or community of animals lives and includes all living and nonliving factors or conditions in the surrounding environment (The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008). There are numerous habitats located across different geographic regions and they are classified in various ways in order to compare them in all aspects. The organisms that are found in habitats have specific characteristics that allow them to survive and thrive withi n itRead MoreThe Earth Has Vast Oceans2050 Words   |  9 PagesOut of the eight planets in our solar system, Earth is the only planet circling the Sun on which life as we know it could (and does) exist. Unlike any other planet, the Earth has vast oceans with millions of small islands in them, green vegetation, huge landmasses, different topographies, like the mountains, ice caps and deserts, all of which present an amazing variety of color and texture. be the extremely cold Antarctica, where hardy microscopic beings thrive in ponds, tiny wingless insects live

Role Of A Human Resource Manager - 928 Words

Today’s human resource department requires more input and collaboration from the finance department than ever before. Smaller organizations may combine the two together instead of having two separate departments because both are strategic partners that help maximize an organization. This paper will describe the role of finance in the life of a human resource manager, important financial decisions that human resource managers make which rely on financial information and knowledge of financial tools, and how knowledge of finance within an organization can lead to better managerial decisions. As stated earlier, finance and human resource management work hand in hand with one another. Chaudhary and Prasad stated that HRM (human resource†¦show more content†¦If the hourly rate or salary is lower then expected, the candidate will not take the job offer. If the proposed salary or hourly rate is too high for a position, the organization will be loosing money. Every organ ization is all about making money; otherwise they will not be in business. That is why it is important to fairly compensate each employee by analyzing their KSAOs and verifying that the amount being compensated is within the organization’s budget. What happens when an organization has awesome employees? In order to retain employees it is important to give raises when necessary, find methods of appreciating employees, and satisfy their wants within an organization. All three of these examples will require some sort of budget that has to be discussed with the finance department. Organizations have annual performance reviews, but at each performance review it does not necessary mean that every employee gets a raise; only a selected few are given raises based on their performance. Now let’s look at productivity for example. At Serenity Dental, the production goal is to produce $120,000 each month. Every month this year except for August, Serenity Dental was able t o produce over $120,000. The production for August is lower because the problem could very well beShow MoreRelatedRole Of Human Resources Manager For The New Human Resource Manager1599 Words   |  7 Pagesfive-star hotel needs to find a suitable candidate for the role of Human Resources Manager for the new Human Resources Department that the hotel is about to create. The hotel is suffering many problems due to poor service in its four food beverage outlets. Apart from that, employee turnover is increasing and union disputes over pay rise and lack of employee development in hotel caused many issues. Without having a separate Human resource department to handle man power issues hotel’s management showsRead MoreThe Role of Line Managers and (HR) Human Resources3448 Words   |  14 Pagesthe world, human resources can be paid further more attention to the tourism industry that before. Good human resources management can help the organisation to be successful. Line managers are the important aspect of HR department that can accomplish the organisation’s objective. There are three major level of management structure in the organisation, respectively top level (i.e. president and CEO), middle level (i.e. marketing vice president, finance vice president, and human resources vice president)Read MoreRole Of A Human Resource Manager For A 500 Member Technology Company Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this assignment is to imagine myself in the role of a human resource manager for a 500 member technology company. My directive is a permanent staff reduction of two individuals. As a group, my team and I have to make a decision and identify the names of the two individuals who we decide to permanently lay off and why they were chosen. This paper will discuss and document what will be done to assist the two individuals who have been let go and assist the remainingRead MoreHuman Resource Managers And Od Practitioner1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of Human Resource Managers OD Practitioner is rapidly growing. Businesses are growing bigger and Human Resource Managers personals are in high demand, not to only be HR managers but to also take the role of an OD Practitioner. Human Resource Managers must know its their tasks and being able to lead a large group of people in the right direction. These professionals are being forced to take the role of an OD Practitioner and to not forget the role they we’re once in because both roles accompanyRead MoreFunctional Areas of Business1020 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness are management, law, human resources management, leadership, accounting, finance, economics, research and statistics, operations management, marketing, and strategic planning. Although, all of the functional areas are essential to the success of a organization, two areas stand out as key to getting the business started and keeping it profitable, and they are human resources management and the accounting area (University of Phoenix, 2013). The Human Resources Management (HRM) area of businessRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Human Resource Department1748 Words   |  7 PagesA good human resource department is essential to any successful businesses in today’s society. Before human resource managers were seen as people who deal with employee disputes and little more, now this is just one small part of their role to organisations. Human resource is a huge department for reasons as being a key planner in helping company’s employee performances. In this essay I will be exploring the different types of personnel management that is used, assessing the roles of human resourceRead MoreEssay on Project Management and Human Resource Managment1445 Words   |  6 PagesProject Management A project may be defined as a one-shot, time-limited, goal-directed, major undertaking, requiring the commitment of varied skills and resources. A project has also been described as a combination of human and nonhuman resources pulled together in a temporary organization to achieve a specified purpose. A project has a single set of objectives, and when these objectives are reached, the project is completed. Therefore, a project has a finite and well-defined life span. InRead MoreProject Mgt- Human Resource Plan1706 Words   |  7 Pages[pic] Project Human Resource Plan Template This Project Human Resource Plan Template is free for you to copy and use on your project and within your organization. We hope that you find this template useful and welcome your comments. Public distribution of this document is only permitted from the Project Management Docs official website at: www.ProjectManagementDocs.com Human Resource Plan Company Name Street Address City, State Zip Code Date Table of Contents Read MoreHuman Resource Department : The Human Resources Department816 Words   |  4 Pagestalented employees. The human resources department has had an important role and underappreciated role in employee hiring and retention. Through the use of strategic human resource planning, human resources departments are able to benefit a company both directly and indirectly. A direct benefit of the human resources department is the support the department provides to line managers. Human resource department staff are available to provide support to line managers, but human resource staff should notRead MoreManagerial Roles Within the Functional Areas of a Business1026 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Managerial Roles within Functional Areas of Business Adriana Tovar For a business to succeed there are lots of things and people required but among the most important people needed, the managers are the most essential and can make a difference between losing money and making profit. CieÅ›liÅ„ska describes a manager as â€Å"a person who fulfills the primordial managerial functions (planning, organizing, motivating and controlling) and is the superior of given human team† (2007). There are managers at various

Discussing Baz Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet Free Essays

This movie is about Romeo and Juliet. Leonardo DiCaprio Is playing the Romeo part in this movie. And Claire Danes is play Juliet part. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussing Baz Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet or any similar topic only for you Order Now The movie is directed by Baz Luhrmann. He is a modern day version director. He directed this movie in 1996 and he only used 10% of Shakespeare language. Because we don’t speak same language as Shakespeare. Baz Luhrmann uses guns instead of swords and uses cars instead of horses. In the beginning of Romeo and Juliet we see a news reporter talking about the two households. Than the camera start zooming in and in. Then very quickly you see fair Verona. The narrator says about two households both alike in dignity, In fair Verona where we lay our scene. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, a pair of star-cross’s lovers take their life. When the narrator says those things the background music is very loud and the music is trying to tell us about the movie. By listening this music you could say that something bad will happen in this movie. Which will be very emotional and sad? Then you see a newspaper article where it says Montague’s v Capulet’s. And than you see helicopters, cars and people. When that happens the background music become louder and louder and you see two buildings with the names at the top Capulet and Montague and Jesus Christ statue in the middle. The reason why the director put this statue in the middle to show that people in fair Verona want peace between these two families. We than see the shots of the city and the police. Than we see some of the main characters in the movie their, with and a description of who they are. The reason why the director shows us this is because he wants to tell us that these people and they will come in the movie latter on. The scene changes and you hear a different music where three Montague’s are sitting in the yellow open car with the special plate at the front saying Mon 005 and listening to the music the boys the boys. Than you hear them insulting the Capulet’s. One of the guy in Montague is bald, with tattoo of Montague on his head . The music they hear is very cool and they wear sunglasses, and open Hawaiian shirts. The reason why the director put this music to show their personality. In other word to show how cool they are. The Montagu’s than go to the Gas station. Benvolio get out from the car and goes to the toilet. He is Romeo’s cousin . Than we see a Capulet get out of his car, only you can see his feet he chucks his cigarette down. He is wearing cowboy shoes, and the background music is western music. By hearing that music you could say that person is not a good person and he is a very important person in the movie and he wants to fight. When he goes in the gas station some girls come out and one of Montague shows off by doing some nasty things. Than one of the Capulet come out of the car. The car is blue and scary and on the number plate it says Cap 005. The person who comes from the car is very strong and when he removes his jacket you could see his gun saying Cap and the Montagues get scared because on their gun it says Mon and the both of the gangs hate eachother. Abra shows his silver teeth saying SIN and the Montagues fall back in shock into the car. Abra shouts Boo laughing at them. At first Montagues just stay there but after a little while he comes from behind and does bite my thumb Abra doesn’t reverse his car very fast. Montague gets scared and panic they start to fill up with petrol. But Abra comes out his car and say do you mind your thumb at me sir one of Montague says I do mind my thumb sir. Montagues look at Benvolio is coming. The reason why they have icons on there cars,and guns to show the differences between these two families like to show that they are different from eachother. When Benvolio comes he takes his gun. And that’s were the fights start. One of the Montagues hides next to the car where the lady keeps hitting him. And than Tybalt comes out and the western music starts as a background to set the mood. Tybalt is the cousin of Juliet. First Benvolio tries to avoid fights and keep peace between the families. Benvolio says drop your guns and have peace. But Tybalt says I hate the word peace as I hate hell like all Montague’s. When he says that the director keeps his camera on his eyes to shows the evil. He closes the camera on both the eyes of Tybalt and benvolio and on his mouth because he says the line from there. Than the little boy comes from behind and Tybalt takes his gun out and scared that little kid. And than both gangs started to shot at eachother than the Montague who was getting hit by the women he scares her and start shooting but unfortunately he doesn’t know where he is shooting because he is keeping shooting at a sign saying Fuel Your fire he is keeping shooting at this sign. The sign is here to tell you that hold your fire. Then Tybalt who is showoff person he wears a black trouser and bullet proof red jacket with Jesus icons on them. He is keep diving and shooting one of his bullet hits Benvolios hand and his gun go straight under the car. Than two of the Montague’s put petrol in the car they drop some of it on Benvolio. They both sit in the car and start driving it . Tybalt than bends down takes his jacket off. Takes another gun out and shots at montagues. Than Tybalt drop his cigarette and the fire starts Benvolio gets scared because some of the petrol is on his shirt. Benvolio than picks his gun and runs over cars and shooting at Tybalt. And the fire blasts all the gas station. Here the directors have to be fast because he has to keep zooming the camera. And note every thing happening in the scene. And than you could hear traffic and shooting noise. Then you see helicopters in the air. And Benvlio and Tybalt looking at eachother in anger. The director focus o their eyes because you could see the anger in the eyes between them. In the background you could see people running and the cars are stopped. Than the prince who is sitting in the helicopter says to them that drop your guns. Than you see two cars in one car Capulet’s are sitting and in the other Montague’s . Montague’s says that give me my sword but his wife stops him. Than they both sit inside the building where the prince says two civil wars and says you both disturbed our streets and if one more time you disturbed our streets than you will pay the fine. This part is to show that both families hate really hate eachother and the prince is trying to warn both of these. Than the director focus on Montague’s after that. All the Montague’s go to the beach where Romeo is sitting the background music is a very sad music. Romeo is sitting writing his diary and thinking about his Girlfriend Rosaline. You could tell that by looking at his face that he doesn’t like what’s happening between these two families. He likes to spend much time alone because of the violence. Romeos mother talk to her husband about Romeo. You also could see the link between Benvolio and his shirt. Because on his shirt there are flowers and its all about the beach. And now they are on beach as well you could say that he spends most of his time on the beach. He than gets out of the car and says good morrow to his cousin they both walk and in the TV Romeo see’s what Benvolio did he tries to tell him that not to this because that way there won’t be any piece. As an audience I would say that this movie is great. There are some really good unbelievable actions fight’s. The music is a sum and it really suits the movie. And it would make good money. Baz Luhrmann directed this movie superbly. The camera angles were perfect. The other actors are superb, and acted wonderfully in the movie. What Luhrmann did was both bold and brilliant, and he succeeded wonderfully. First people thought that Luhrmann destroyed the play’s beauty and power by setting it in modern times. In short words I would say love in first sight. How to cite Discussing Baz Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet, Papers

Effect of E Shopping in the Purchasing Decisions of the Customers

Question: Describe the effect of E shopping in the purchasing decisions of the customers. Answer: Introduction The present research paper is based on the effect of online marketing on the purchasing decisions of the customers. The application of Internet has provided one of the major breakthroughs in modern generations. The use and contribution of web towards the development process of E-commerce is remarkable (Bleier and Eisenbeiss, 2015). At present bulk of the people prefers E shopping as compared with the traditional mode of shopping. There are certain benefits and features of online shopping. Primarily it gives the opportunities to the customers to save time and on the other hand, the customers get all the products and services at a lower cost as compared with the market price. There are certain factors, which affects the purchasing decisions of the customers in online shopping. All the factors will be analyzed critically in order make this particular research paper more interesting for the readers (Bove e and Thill, 2012). Research Questions All the issues in this specific research paper are developed keeping in mind the requirements and objectives of the study. Q1) what are the different factors, which affects the purchasing decisions of the customers? Q2) what are the various advantages, which the customers gets while shopping online Q3) what are the different issues in online shopping? Q4) what are the various kinds of recommendations, which can be concluded in the study? Research Objectives The purpose of the study is to analyze all the relevant factors, which affects the purchasing decisions of the customers. The notion of the E shopping has provided one of the major breakthroughs in modern generations (Carmel, Koonin and Dracheva, 2012). There are several ways by which the customers are benefited while shopping online as compared with the traditional mode of shopping. The other objective of the study is to identify different issues, which bulk of the customers faces while shopping online. There are certain recommendations, which can be concluded in the study (Collins, 2012). Research Hypothesis The investigator in the study has developed two-research hypothesis keeping in mind the requirement of the investigation procedure. H0 and H1 are the two research hypotheses, which is developed by the investigator in the study (Conaway and Laasch, 2012). The present research paper is prepared by analyzing different theories, which will conclude about what are the different kinds of factors, which reach the important of online marketing in the modern generation. The objective of the research hypothesis is to test different types of theories, which are used in the investigation procedure. H0 = Effect of E shopping changes the purchasing decisions of the customers H1 = effect of E shopping do not affect the purchasing decisions of the customers Literature Review This part of the study will analyze all the crucial factors and theories in order to support entire investigation procedure with sufficient information. The selected topic in the study concludes how the effective of E shopping puts a positive impact on the purchasing decisions of the customers (Du, 2013). There are several factors, which brings both positive impact and negative effects on the purchasing decisions of the customers. The bulk of the customers are benefited in different ways while adopting the concept of E shopping as well as marketing. Both the customers and the business firms are helped in several ways while taking the notion of the online shopping (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). The primary option by which the customers are helped is all the products and services, which are offered online, are in a much-discounted price as compared with the retail market. With the application of online marketing, the bulk of the organization that developed its business in Ecommerce gets the opportunity to maintain a proper cost effective business plan (Jin and Lin, 2012). Advantages of Online Marketing and Shopping This part of the study will analyze all the significant factors, which affects the purchasing decision of the customers. Better Pricing Pricing is one of the most crucial factors, which affects the purchasing decisions of the client. The bulk of the online store provides offer prices that are much lower as compared with the original market price (Kotler and Armstrong, 2014). There is particular reason people prefer the notion of online marketing and shopping. Online business owners develop its structure of activities keeping in mind the requirements of the customers. The objective of the different online store is to maintain a low-profit margin, and it will automatically help the organization to maintain a strong customer base. There are certain factors, which affects the purchasing decision of the customers. Pricing factor is one of the most crucial factors among all the factors (Kurtz and Boone, 2012). Diversified options The notion of the E shopping allows all the customers to get all the products and services in a much-diversified manner. The customers have the option to explore different web stores within few seconds. If some groups of customers are not satisfied with any particular products and services, it will provide the option of easily shifting to another brand (Liaukonyte, Teixeira and Wilbur, 2015). Variety is the key factor, which is highlighted in the study. E shopping offers different types to the customers of various products and services. Shopping online will allow the customers to find different types of goods and services as compared with physical stores. Time Saving The notion of the E shopping provides the clients to keep time. It allows the clients to save time by not visiting the stores physically (Moll, 2012). This is one of the most crucial impacts of E shopping towards the purchasing decisions of the customers. Now a days time is one of the most important factors in daily operations of the life. The customers are benefited in different ways by adopting the method of E shopping out of which time saving is one of the most crucial factors (Park, 2012). Price comparisons By applying, the mode of E shopping all the customers will get the opportunity compare and contrast different prices of different brands (Phua, 2012). The notion of the E shopping will provide the customers to get the best alternative prices of the selected products and services. All the above factors conclude why the notion of E shopping puts a significant effect on the purchasing decisions of the customers (Potter, 2012). The objective of this particular research paper is to analyze the entire important factor, which affects the purchasing decisions of the customers by adopting the method of E-commerce. Disadvantages of E shopping There are certain disadvantages of E-shopping, which are highlighted in this part of the study. It is very much familiar; if there are advantages most likely, there will disadvantages. In spite the success of purchasing by adopting the mode of E-shopping there are still some disadvantages that some of the buyers complain about (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2012). The follow part of the study will conclude about the major difficulties which some of the customers faces while shopping online (Rao, 2015). Personally, check the items The notion of the E shopping does not provide the shoppers to examine the products individually. In this particular case, some of the customers firmly believe in the fact, while shopping online is they need to consider the products individually (Tanner and Raymond, 2012). All the online stores provide the option to the buyers only the product description and photos of the merchandise which is one of the major disadvantages for many online shoppers. Diminished instant satisfaction The notion of offline shopping provides the option to gather immediate satisfaction among the customers. The major disadvantage of E shopping is after buying products and a service it takes few days to reach to the customers after the shipment is done. However, the notion of the E shopping requires patients for the buyers to get the product (Thorson and Duffy, 2012). After getting completing, the first step of buying all the E-commerce customers needs to wait for the product to be delivered. There are few disadvantages as compared with the advantages. The concept of E shopping is getting continuously popularize (Wu, 2015). After concluding the benefits of E-commerce as well as disadvantages of E-commerce is an additional knowledge for the majority of the E-shoppers for gathering proper knowledge that is very much applicable before shopping online. Challenges faced by the business organization Cost of Initialization The concept of the E shopping provides an additional opportunity to the majority of the business firms to reduce the cost of business operations. However, the initial installation of application of E-commerce is very much costly (Wu et al., 2015). There is a different business organization of various business objectives in the enterprise world. All the time it is not possible for the small group to develop a proper online business structure. It is one of the major issues, which small scale industries faces while maintaining an appropriate pace with the advancement of technologies (Yang and Ma, 2013). Massive infrastructure is required by the different organization to develop a proper E-commerce infrastructure. Sometimes it becomes very much difficult for small and growing organization to install such infrastructure (Wu, 2015). Proper Shipment Shipment is one of the major issues, which mass of the enterprice faces in the delivery system. There are diverse kinds of problems arise in the development of the proper delivery system. Massive infrastructure is required by the different business organization based on the objectives of the company to develop a proper a proper delivery system in the enterprise operations (Wu et al., 2015). Marinating an appropriate shipment system in the organization will allow the business firm to marinate an appropriate supply chain management. It allows the business firm to maintain a smooth of business organization (Bleier and Eisenbeiss, 2015). Research Methodologies The outline of the investigation procedure concludes the research methodologies. The investigator adopts the mode of research methods depending upon the nature of the inquiry process. There are certain factors, which are highlighted towards the development process of a proper research outline. Data collection method is one of the most crucial elements in the entire research methodology (Yang and Ma, 2013). In the present research paper, the capable of online marketing in the purchasing decisions of the customers, the investigator has decided to use the primary data collection techniques and the secondary data collection methods. The analyst in the study has decided to divide the main method of data groups into two parts (Collins, 2012). The two parts of the main mode of data collection are the significant part and the qualitative part. The investigator also decides the sample space. In the main mode of data collection techniques, the investigator has interrogated ten customers in a shopping mall and five official kinds of stuff in the mall. All of the members in the investigation procedure were very much cooperative. The investigator has organized the secondary mode of data collective in a different manner. The analyst has used different kinds of magazines, official blocks, and statistical report in order to conclude the investigation procedure with sufficient examples and data. The investigator has done a remarkable job while organizing the data collection process, which is one of the most significant parts of the research methodology (Jin and Lin, 2012). Research designs, research outline, and research approach is the three major factors, which are used by a majority of the investigator towards organizing a major effective investigation process. In the present investigation process, the analyst has used the notion of positivism investigation philosophy. Research philosophy is a phenomenon about the way by which the collected data are analyzed. With the help of the research philosophies, the investigator can support the entire research operations with different scientific models. In the application of the positivism, research philosophy the investigator is independent of the study (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). In this particular research philosophy, the role of the researcher is not limited to the data collection and data analyzing procedure. With the help of the of post-positivism research philosophy, the investigator will be able to support the entire investigation system with scientific evidence and theories. The research approach is one of the most significant and crucial parts in the examination practice. It is one of the most complicated jobs for the examiner whether to choose the inductive method of research methodology or deductive method of research methodology. Both the research methodology has different kinds of utility (Liaukonyte, Teixeira and Wilbur, 2015). The difference, which is highlighted in the study between the inductive method and deductive method of research approach are as follows. The notion of testing existing theories in the investigation procedure is known as the concept of the inductive method of research methodologies. The idea of generating modern ideas in the application of inquiry process is known as the notion of inductive research method. In the present inquiry process, the investigator has used the notion of the inductive research approach. With the application of the inductive research method, the examiner will be able to support the examination procedure based on generations of new theory emerging from data. Inductive research methodology is associated with quantitative research (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 2012). The investigator in order to support the research on the effect of E shopping in the purchasing decisions of the customers uses the concept of the inductive approach of investigation procedure. In order to make the entire investigation procedure more accurate, the investigator has decided to use the notion of descriptive research design (Rao, 2015). Descriptive research design will help the investigator to support the whole inquiry process in an in-depth analysis. Descriptive research design will help the researcher to describe the characteristics of the populations. The investigator keeping the outline of the investigation procedure has developed the outline of the investigation procedure. The objective of the investigation in this particular research work on the effect of E shopping in the purchasing decisions of the customers is to complete the investigation procedure on time (Thorson and Duffy, 2012). However, on the other hand, it is one of the most complicated jobs for any researcher to finish the entire investigation procedure on time. In the present research, study the investigator has done a remarkable job to complete the whole investigation procedure with sufficient informations and on time (Wu, 2015). Research Ethics The investigator has organized the entire investigation system by following all the ethics in a proper manner. There are certain ethics, which are required by the investigator to follow while holding a proper inquiry procedure. Data Protection Act is one of the primary principles, which the investigator follows in the operations of the investigation proceedings, which allows the investigator to maintain the privacy of the organization (Wu et al., 2015). Conclusion The concluding part of the study will analyze all the relevant factors, which are highlighted in the study. The entire investigation procedure is divided into several parts. The introductory part of the study will conclude about the background of the study. The selected topic in the study is the effect of E shopping in the purchasing decisions of the customers. All the factors are analyzed crucially in the operations of the research. The research questions, which the investigator developed in the activities of the study, will conclude about the importance of the research paper. There are two hypotheses, which are developed by the investigator in the study. H0 and H1 are the two research hypotheses, which the researcher formulated in the operation of the examination procedure. The most crucial part of the entire learning is the literature review. The literature review of the learning will conclude with different application of the various theories, which will end about the advantages, and disadvantages of online shopping. The notion of the E shopping has several advantages as well disadvantages. On the other hand, different, different organization faces different kinds of challenges while implementing all the plans and proceedings of E-commerce in a proper manner. Cost is one of the most and crucial factors towards implementing all the programs and policies of E-commerce. The most essential and significant part of the entire investigation procedure is the outline of the research methodologies which the investigator has used in the operations of the inquiry process. Data collection is one of the most crucial parts of the survey process. The investigation into the activities of the inquiry procedure has given equal importance to both the primary method of data collection as well as the secondary method of data collection. All the collected data are equally important for the investigator to construct the investigation procedure by fulfilling all the required object ives of the study. The two hypotheses, which are developed by the researcher, are HO and H1. H0 = Effect of E shopping changes the purchasing decisions of the customers. After completing the entire investigation procedure, it can be concluded that H0 hypothesis is accepted. The application of the E shopping has changed the whole notion and trend of shopping in a much-diversified manner. The bulk of the buyers prefer the concept and the use of the E shopping in order to be benefited in several ways. Reference List Bleier, A. and Eisenbeiss, M. (2015). Personalized Online Advertising Effectiveness: The Interplay of What, When, and Where.Marketing Science, 34(5), pp.669-688. Bove e, C. and Thill, J. (2012).Business communication essentials. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Bredeson, D. (2012).Applied business ethics. Mason, Ohio: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Carmel, L., Koonin, E. and Dracheva, S. (2012). Dependencies among Editing Sites in Serotonin 2C Receptor mRNA.PLoS Comput Biol, 8(9), p.e1002663. Collins, D. (2012).Business ethics. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Conaway, R. and Laasch, O. (2012).Communication in responsible business. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Du, W. (2013).Informatics and management science VI. London: Springer. Jin, D. and Lin, S. (2012).Advances in electronic commerce, web application and communication. Berlin: Springer. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2012).Principles of marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (2014).Principles of marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Kurtz, D. and Boone, L. (2012).Principles of contemporary marketing. Australia: Southwestern Cengage Learning. Liaukonyte, J., Teixeira, T. and Wilbur, K. (2015). Television Advertising and Online Shopping.Marketing Science, 34(3), pp.311-330. Moll, M. (2012).The quintessence of intercultural business communication. Berlin: Springer. Park, J. (2012).Future information technology, application, and service. Dordrecht: Springer. Phua, J. (2012). Use of Social Networking Sites by Sports Fans: Implications for the Creation and Maintenance of Social Capital.Journal of Sports Media, 7(1), pp.109-132. Potter, N. (2012).The library marketing toolkit. London: Facet Publishing. Pride, W., Hughes, R. and Kapoor, J. (2012).Business. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Rao, A. (2015). Online Content Pricing: Purchase and Rental Markets.Marketing Science, 34(3), pp.430-451. Tanner, J. and Raymond, M. (2012).Principles of marketing. Irvington, N.Y.: Flat World Knowledge. Thorson, E. and Duffy, M. (2012).Advertising age. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Wu, C. (2015). Matching Value and Market Design in Online Advertising Networks: An Empirical Analysis.Marketing Science, 34(6), pp.906-921. Wu, C., Che, H., Chan, T. and Lu, X. (2015). The Economic Value of Online Reviews.Marketing Science, 34(5), pp.739-754. Yang, Y. and Ma, M. (2013).Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Green Communications and Networks 2012 (GCN 2012). Berlin: Springer.

Using the information from Albl, define both faith and reason

Many people best understand faith as a religious concept, particularly, the belief in things not seen but that are true (Lewis 56). By contrast, the conventional definition of reason is far from religious; it has to do with the natural sciences deductive thinking and dialectical theories. However, this paper seeks to correct these narrow-minded views and establish a comprehensive position that clearly explains the relationship between faith and reason, since these two qualities are not mutually exclusive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Using the information from Albl, define both faith and reason specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Faith, as per Thomas Aquinas, refers to the alignment of a person’s being, including his or her mental faculties to â€Å"divine truth† (Aquinas 67). To achieve this state, one has to subject himself / herself to the â€Å"grace of God†. It refers to a state of total surrender to God’s will that almost requires mental or intellectual blindness. One has to forfeit a bit of logic for faith to work. Albl gives several descriptions of faith that can better explain this concept. For instance, he says faith triggers a person to wonder (Albl 32). It is not enough for instance to appreciate the enchanting nature of the blue sky, faith asks who made it blue and why. Another description of faith pertains the view that all that exists because of the creation is a gift to humanity and that all should be grateful for it (Albl 33). It is also the foundation of a person’s trust in anything or anybody else, including self-confidence (Descartes 76). Trusting in what is intangible increases a person’s capacity to believe in what he or she can see or touch. Aquinas imparts that faith requires a portion of the grace of God for it to be fully fledged (Albl 34). This will is what pushes one’s will to defy their logic and succumb to pure b elief. The result is conversion of the whole person, not just their thoughts. Acquiring it is a continuous process that requires a person to train or discipline their minds constantly before it can become a â€Å"habit of the mind† (Albl 37). Reason on the other hand has to do with man’s intellectual faculties. The cause of questioning things in a bid to understand them better, or assessing various options to come up with a sensible decision over what makes sense and what does not. Consequently, Albl posits that faith and reason are actually inclusive of each other and one requires the other to achieve its maximum potential. He puts it succinctly in the statement, â€Å"balanced Christianity needs a body of reason animated by the fire of faith† (Albl 38). This makes clear the jeopardy of being an extremist. Feudists are scholars who restrict the understanding of divine attributes to pure faith and they include theologians such as Tertullian and Soren Kiekegard a mong others. This school of thought is of the opinion that logic muddles up a person’s understanding of God (Hart and Fischer 87).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their critics are quick to assert that the same God created man a rational being, and expects him be rational about everything, including religion. On the other extreme end are rationalists who believe in cold reasoning at the exclusion of faith. They include philosophy scholars like Rene Descartes and Immanuel Kant among others. However, a modernist view that most people embrace nowadays posits that faith and reason interrelate, with each complementing the other for a fuller understanding of spiritual matters. Albl captures this as â€Å"faith seeking understanding† (33). Thomas Aquinas proposed that anyone seeking to strengthen his or her faith should find an authority upon which to base this faith. For Christians, he proposed the scriptures and by extension the Quran for Muslims. Reason is a necessary ingredient in theology as it enables scholars to apply mental processes while interpreting scriptures and other religious teachings. Employment of rational thinking of logic further strengthens a person’s conviction that whatever they are studying is true (Hart and Fischer 99). This is because people tend to trust what they have deduced for themselves better than what they do not understand. The connection of reason with faith makes it an even more important tool. It takes faith in the rationality of the world to accept the results one obtains from employing reason to deduce truth. Faith and reason are supplementary qualities whose development needs to be at par. When one exceeds the other, one risks acquiring dangerous perspectives that are extremist and close-minded in nature. Theology as a study of religion requires both in equal measure. Reason will enable a scholar to pass judgment on the accuracy of various points of view, whereas faith will turn him or her into believer. Works Cited Albl, Martin. Reason, Faith and Tradition: An Exploration in Catholic Theology. New York: Saint Mary’s Press, 2009. Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologica. Fathers of the English Dominican Province,  Christian Classics. Notre Dame: Ave Maria Press, 1981.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Using the information from Albl, define both faith and reason specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Descartes, Rene. Rules for the Direction of the Mind. Descartes, Rene. Philosophical  Essays: Discourse on Method; Mediation; Rules for the Direction of the Mind.  Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merill, 1964. 192. Hart, Thomas and Fischer, Kathleen. Christian Foundations: an Introduction to Faith in  our Times. New York: Paulist Press, 1995. Lewis, Carl. Surprised by Joy:The Shape of My Early Life. New York: Harcout Brac e, 1955. This essay on Using the information from Albl, define both faith and reason was written and submitted by user Dem0g0bl1n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Different Suffixes for Different Contexts

Different Suffixes for Different Contexts Different Suffixes for Different Contexts Different Suffixes for Different Contexts By Mark Nichol Many words derived from Latin have two (and occasionally three or more) possible plural forms. The distinction is usually between popular usage based on English plural endings grafted onto Latin terms and scientific or technical form based on a traditional reading of the original language. Here are discussions of alternatives for plural forms of six types of word endings. -as or -ae Antennas are devices for carrying radio signals; antennae are sensory organs attached to the heads of certain creatures. Formulas might be used in a comparison of beverage mixtures for infants (and for other popular usage and even business contexts), while formulae is the formal term for mathematical or scientific expressions. -eaus or -eaux French words borrowed into English that end in -eau usually take the English plural form -s. The form ending in -x is likely to be seen as pedantic unless it is clearly used in a mocking sense (as when a writer facetiously sympathizes with a billionaire who has felt compelled to sell one of several chateaux.) -exes/-ixes or -ices Words ending in -ex or -ix (appendix, index, matrix, vertex) are generally followed by the plural form -es in all but the most technical contexts, though in scholarly publishing, appendices is the norm to refer to two or more pieces of additional text following the main section of a book. -mas or -mata Few words derived from Greek that end in -ma are in general usage, at least in plural form. (Anathema, for example, is common in singular form but not in plural form.) Dogma and schema, however, take an -s plural ending in popular usage; -mata is the formal alternative. -ums or -a Words ending in -um sometimes take an -s as a plural ending in popular usage and -ia in scientific or technical contexts consortium, criterion, forum, spectrum, and symposium come to mind but several notable exceptions exist: Mediums applies informally to multiple objects such as garments labeled as medium size, or to two or more spiritualists, while forms of communication are almost invariably referred to as media; that form is also prevalent in digital technology. (In relatively obscure scientific contexts, media is the singular form, and mediae is the plural form.) Memoranda and millennia are the preferred plural forms even in popular usage. Phenomena is prevalent over phenomenons, but the latter form (or the truncation phenoms) might be used as slang to refer to more than one particularly talented person. us- or -i The singular form of octopus is used to refer collectively to specimens used as food. (â€Å"The main course was sautà ©ed octopus.†) Octopuses is the most sensible plural form in general; octopi is incorrect because octopus is from Greek, not Latin, and -i is a Latin plural suffix, but the Greek form, octopodes, employing the Greek plural suffix -odes, is rare. The same is true, generally, of the plural form of platypuses, though the singular form frequently does double duty. Cactus, however, is Latin (albeit botanical, rather than classical, Latin), not Greek. Cacti is the prevalent plural form, though cactus and cactuses are also common. Other words ending in -us vary in their plural form: focus, fungus, and radius become, depending on formality, focuses, funguses, and radiuses or foci, fungi, and radii, while corpus and genus take an -era ending (corpera, genera) in scientific contexts. The only correct plural form for census and prospectus is the English plural ending -es (and campi is a rare plural form for campus), but alumnus becomes alumni; alumnuses is incorrect. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsThe Six Spellings of "Long E"Supervise vs. Monitor

A Woeful Trap... Act 1 In Hamlet

Is he crazy or wise? It is simply crazy craftsmanship, but punishes the distraction of pain. Maybe Hamlet is a victim - as we all think of at some point - it is the intellectual perspective of the world for crazy confusion. He is a civilian of his own; a traveler with a passport goes into a strange, twilight region of the soul. Whether Hamlet's pain or insanity is caused by his relationship or his own melancholy, Hamlet's struggle reflects the essential nature of human suffering that all people can associate. The specific performance of Hamlet's suffering is closely related. In the first two scenes of the third act, Hamlet and Claudius designed traps to capture each other's secrets. Claudius secretly attacked Hamlet to discover its essence of madness. Live the conscience of the king (III. I 582). This drama is the story of the Duke of Vienna and his wife Baptista of Gonzago who married the murderer Lucian. Hamlet believes that this script is not a ghost, it is an opportunity to build a more reliable foundation for Claudius' sin. Since he did not know whether to believe a member of the spiritual world, he tried to judge whether Claudius read his actions and committed sin because of his feelings of guilt in his mental state. Hamlet 's uncertainty about Claudius' s sin and his importance of collecting Claudios evidence, Hamlet plans to organize a trap for his monologue at the end of the second act. Hamlet knew that society would not tolerate the murder of Claudius as a form of revenge without evidence that Claudius murdered Hamlet 's father. Hamlet noticed that the only evidence of his guilt against Claudius is a ghost word that could not rely on the evidence to prove that Hamlet's action was justified. He also needs to make sure that Claudius is guilty to make sure what he is doing is right. Shakespeare's 'Hamlet' has two examples of nemesis. It is hesitant to Hamlet and Hamlet. Hamlet fulfilled Claudius 'nemesis, Claudius killed Hamlet' s father and married his mother. The devil of Claudius demanded immediate revenge. His dead father's ghost appeared before Hamlet and persuaded him to retaliate. He discovered that Claudius was a real murderer and killed him after many insistent ideas. Among the same drama, Hamlet's nemesis is superior or inferior to him. He could not decide the dilemma he was facing. In the first game of the third act of the play, he revealed his way of thinking as follows: Is Hamlet a romantic hero? How will the reader's attitude towards Hamlet change through the script? How will the description of Hamlet's character affect the entire drama? Hamlet changed between Act 1 and Act 2? Or is Hamlet the same as what was drawn at the beginning of the play? I hope these Hamlet paper themes will help you create excellent works and model Hamlet paper. If you are busy for some reason, we can also help you. If you need help from qualified and experienced writers, visit our online resource, Writemy EssayOnline.com. You can order any k ind of paper about any subject, and subject in any format style. It can be used as a template for your own research. There is no need to prepay the full amount. In addition, you can track the progress of the order and preview the order for free. Please try it now. We are available 24 hours!

Alzheimer's disease relate to aging Research Paper

Alzheimer's disease relate to aging - Research Paper Example This document examines the prevalence of Alzheimer’s among the elderly persons and the resources available in Marshall County for helping the victims of the condition. As persons advance in age, the body undergoes various changes in their brains and results to dementias (UCSF Memory and Aging Center, 2014). For example, the brain shrinks that occur in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The shrinking of the brain interferes with memory, learning, planning, etc. The changes in neurons and neurotransmitters can degrade the white matter and result to reduction in communication (UCSF Memory and Aging Center, 2014). In some instances, plagues and tangles structures develops outside and inside of the neurons respectively thus causing the brain cells to stop working and eventually die thus causing failure of memory, change in characters and complications with carry out day to day activities (Swaab et al., 2011). Also, changes in blood vessels occur with age, resulting to reduced blood flow due to narrowing of the arteries and less growth of new capillaries. With age, there is an increase in brain inflammation and increase in damages caused by free rad icals that interfere with normal functioning of the brain (Swaab et al., 2011). The changes in brain that occurs with age are the most likely cause of Alzheimer’s among the elderly persons. The most notable change in brain with age is atrophy or the shrinking of some parts of the brain, the secretion on wobbly molecules known as free radicals, the brain inflammation and dysfunction of the mitochondrial resulting to collapse of generation of energy within the cells (Swaab et al., 2011). Various studies have established that five percent of persons with Alzheimer’s occur due to inherited factors from the parents. An example is the familial Alzheimer’s disorder caused by alterations occurring in one of the inheritable genes in human

The Consumer and Their Relation to the Commodity According To Marx, De Essay

The Consumer and Their Relation to the Commodity According To Marx, De Certeau, Horkheimer and Adorno - Essay Example Also, in the cases when an individual goes to a store and purchases a shirt, toy, a beverage or any other purchased commodity, they are arriving at the decision to do so as a consumer. On the other hand, a commodity is any physical substance, these including metals, foods, and grains – which is exchangeable with another commodity of the same kind, which traders buy or sell, typically though futures agreements Another characteristic of any commodity is that the price of the given product at any given time is subject to the law of supply and demand. Notably, risk is actually the fundamental reason on the basis of which – the barter trading of the basic farming commodities began (Ozanne & Jeff 129-144). According to the review of De Certeau’s publication: the practice of everyday life: walking in the city, the tactics and the strategies discussed are in operation during the process of making product choices among customers. These choices are, however, based on the c onsumers’ relationship to the different commodities that consumers encounter on a daily basis. The expressed viewpoint is drawn from the experiences of every person within the community. The argument is deliberately presented in a poetic manner. The book centers upon the uses that the consumers make of, from the things that they purchase, or that which they decide to buy. The book also talks of the different networks that are operating within the society, which play the role of helping people oppose and avoid the order presented by institutions. De Certeau goes further to argue that the disciplinary constructions contained by the institutions within the society are deflected by developed tactics: the participants within the society in question offer an anti-discipline. Further, the consumers within the society, through the same tactical development, make their own tactically developed paths, which are somewhat unpredictable. These paths that are formulated by the consumers ca nnot be described fully, from a formal, official or a statistical point of view (Certeau 76). These strategies, according to De Certeau, are predictive of the following: the Strategies themselves – require that the city or the subjects act as alienated from an environment, in that they have an appropriate place, an officially recognized place, which is seen externally. The tactics, on the other hand, have no properly established localization, and not necessarily alienated from each other, which means that they often mingle and interrelate with each other. Further, the tactics take place within the territory of the strategies. These tactics, also, tend to be opportunistic, in that they combine a diverse range of elements towards gaining momentary advantage. Everyday practices, are most times some of these tactics – which include the small maneuvers that allow for the realization of a momentary victory over the obstacle facing the subject at the time of need (Ozanne & Je ff 129-144). According to the account of Marx, in the account, ‘idealism and materialism,’ the account holds that, humans are made to exist in physical organizations – where these organizations are helpful to the man, as they help him create their own means of subsistence. However, the subsistence models depend upon the available means – which they find existent as well as tat which they have do develop. Further, the productive efforts of these individuals are reflective of their life, expressing themselves –

Human condition and the passage from innocence to experience Essay Example for Free

Human condition and the passage from innocence to experience Essay In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley reflects her views on the faults and weaknesses of human beings and the disasters these imperfections can cause through the personalities and actions of the characters in the novel. The results of the characters personalities and actions show how significant certain undesired traits can be. Through the journeys of the individual characters Mary Shelly shows how we, as human beings, develop in the path from innocence to experience. Surprisingly, the majority of Shelleys obvious criticisms are divulged through the hero, Victor Frankenstein. Frankenstein is used to fulfil this purpose in a multitude of ways: In her 1823 Introduction, Mary Shelley suggests that Victors main crime is his presumption in displacing God. The works of Milton could have inspired this; by way of her parents, he would have been a natural choice of inspiration for Shelley. Milton believed that power corrupts human beings and distrusted anyone who could claim power over anyone else. Therefore, Frankenstein does wrong in claiming power over the monsters life by creating him. We see a change in Victors views on this subject; at the beginning of the novel Frankenstein is fixated with the idea of creating a new being from the remains of dead people and bringing this new being to life by means of electricity. As the novel develops, through his experiences he begins to see the true repercussions of his actions and finally sees the magnitude of what he has done in his thoughtlessness (innocence. ) This can also be seen as an attack on human nature. As the creature opens his eyes for the first time, facets of Victors character become revealed. Whereas the read expects Victor to reflect the joy of having finally received his goal, his reaction is on of horror: now that I have finished, the beauty of the dream has vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. While one may assume that his repulsion is due to the physical appearance of the wretch (p56), Victor had created the monster and knew very well what the creature looked like before it awoke. Therefore, his terror seems to represent a sort of subconscious self-vision. This could be Shelleys way of criticising how we can become clouded by ambition and do not realise the consequences of our actions until it is too late. Towards the end of the novel Victor has learnt from his experiences and realises what the possible consequences could be of creating a companion for the monster. He knows the destruction of the female monster could result in his own death but for once he is selfless and takes responsibility. Unlike his first venture, he is thinking of the greater-good rather than his own happiness. In the beginning of the novel we see the development of Victors ambition from healthy to obsessive. Fired by his enthusiasm during his first experiments, he imagines how A new species would bless me as its creator and source No father could claim the gratitude of his child so completely as I should deserve theirs(p54). A possibly interpretation here would be to presume that this is a criticism of mans belief that he is indestructible and he can thus take on the role of God and do whatever he likes. This could have sprung from the death of Marys mother; human beings believe themselves to be all-powerful and virtually invincible but they cannot avoid death. On the other hand, perhaps the crime upon which Shelley focuses is not what he does, but what he fails to do: nurture his creation. Victors ambition and achievement may be heroic, problems only occur in his inability to bear responsibility for his creation. In Brannaghs film interpretation, Frankensteins soul motivation for the creation of the monster is to cheat death (possibly an honourable purpose which would not suggest that Shelley meant Victor to be disliked). However, in the novel, there is no evidence to suggest that this is the case. Frankenstein is also portrayed to wish to undermine the power and position of women. By this we see him rebelling against the normal family unit and the responsibilities that belonging to such a unit entails. This could be interpreted as a fear of the natural process of birth, possibly echoing Shelleys own mixed feelings towards childbirth. First pregnant at sixteen, and almost constantly pregnant during the next five years, Shelley lost most of her children soon after they were born. Victors workshop of filthy creation (p55) may have womb-like suggestions. Following this argument, Helen Moers likens the description of the newly created monster to that of a newborn baby in her book Female Gothic. Shelley also uses Frankenstein, and his failure to comply with social expectations in his creation of his creature, to criticise society on many different levels. When Frankenstein gives life to the monster, he is so disgusted with its appearance and its deviation from a normal human being that he rejects and abandons it. This reflects how society shuns anyone or anything that does not conform to their idea of normality. This particular criticism probably sprung from Shelleys up bringing. With two revolutionary parents, Mary Shelley was certainly not born in to a conformist family. A particular example of this is the fact that Mary Shelleys parents were not married. At the time this would have been virtually unheard of in decent families. Mary was possible criticised by her peers as having radical parents, or being bullied because her parents were not normal. She shows her anger at their ignorance by showing Victor be uncaring, and leading the reader to sympathise with the monster rather than his cruel creator. After the conviction of Justine we see a possibility that Victor will admit to being responsible for the death of Justine. However, he is cowardly. He claims Justine to be innocent, and claims to know Williams murderer but does not confess. Again, it is his failure to act that results in disastrous consequences. However, by announcing his faith in Justines innocence we are endeared to him. Shelley used this to show us how he improves with the experience he gains. Towards the end of the novel the monster requests that Frankenstein grant him a companion to end his misery. We see a blinker of sympathy and consideration for the monster in Victor at this point. He has improved himself slightly by this point. When the monster makes his proposition, Frankenstein actually considers with the monster. We can, therefore, see that by this point he becoming prepared to reason with the monster like an equal. We begin to think he is going to take responsibility for his actions by taking pity on the monster. After all it cannot be forgotten that the monster could have honoured his promise and disappeared with its mate, thus preventing the death of Clerval, Elizabeth and possibly Victors own father. But on the destruction of the female monsters body Victor fails to take true responsibility and virtually caused the deaths of Clerval and Elizabeth. Again, his experience has made improved him, almost to the point where he could redeem himself of the crime that is abandoning what is effectively his child. At the end of the novel, although Victors dying wish is that the deaths of his loved ones be avenged, we can see how his journey has changed him. His last expressed feelings are that of fatigue and exhaustion. This shows how Shelley hopes human beings will become tired of their flawed ways of thinking and learn from their experiences. In a direct contrast, the monsters passage from innocence to experience only produces negative results. In spite of his unnatural creation, the monster can be seen to symbolize a new start. However, as he proceeds with his education, as he moves from nature to culture, the monster learns more and more about the injustices of society. He learns about human emotions and comes to desire compassion and love but is rejected on account of his repulsive physical appearance. He masters language, but language fails him; rather than allowing his entry into human society as he had hoped, it only serves to make him more fully aware of his unique origin and alien nature. His education is part of what makes him miserable. It is only when he is exposed to, and suffers from the viciousness of human society that he himself begins to demonstrate violent behaviour, to act as the monster his appearance suggests him to be. What I perceive to be the monsters most vicious act is the murder of Elizabeth on Victor and Elizabeths wedding night. Without his primitive human emotions he would never have known what he was missing out in a female companion. With his experiences with the DeLaceys he saw how strong the family unit could be and felt even more bitter when he was rejected. Without such knowledge or experience he would never have had the determination to enact such a terrible crime. It is his human emotions that finally cause his misery to consume him at the end of the novel. When Victor dies, the monster if found by his body crying. This is a common human characteristic; in most cases, even if two people did not get along well in life or had not spoken in years, if one is to die, the other forgets the past and exonerates their dead friend, acquaintance or family member by mourning their loss. They regret things that they may not have said or done, and wish they could turn back time to put things right before the other passed away. It is the monsters sadness at the death of his creator and his regret for the events of the past that finally consume him and tear from him his desire to live. Without these human emotions, the monster may not have destined himself to such a tragic end. It could be argued that Shelley was criticising the power of human emotions and the negative results they can produce. As I mentioned before, Shelley lost many of her children, this must have caused her great depression misery. These may have affected her ability to live her life; thus, she may have been suggesting that if she could have been less humane, her life may not have been as miserable. In conclusion both the monster and Frankenstein show Shelleys feelings towards human behaviour, how we learn from our experiences, and how we deal with things in the future. However, it is arguable whether she is intending to show that knowledge or ignorance is bliss through he contrasting passages of Frankenstein and his creation.

Comparing Salem Possessed by Paul Boyer, The Story of the Salem Witch T

Comparing "Salem Possessed" by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, "The Story of the Salem Witch Trials" by Bryan Le Beau, and "The Devil in the Shape of a Woman" by Carol Karlsen The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 spread just about as fast as the Black Plague. This epidemic caused chaos among neighbors in a community. The chronology of events describes an awful time for colonists from June 10th to September 22nd of that year. The books "Salem Possessed" by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, "The Story of the Salem Witch Trials" by Bryan Le Beau, and "The Devil in the Shape of a Woman" by Carol Karlsen all describe these events and provide varying explanations for the epidemic that plagued Salem Village. This review will look at the facts that surrounded the trials and then using those facts will look at the cause stated in each book for the hysteria to compare and contrast with one another. The trials themselves began following an instance involving Betty Parris, Abigail Williams, and Ann Putnam, 3 young girls in the village. (Dufour, 248) The girls were caught performing fortune-telling rituals in the woods outside the village. The claimed at the time that they were trying to find information on the type of man that would be most suitable for them to marry. Soon after this event the girls began to experience hysterical type fits. These fits prompted Reverend Samuel Parris, the father of Betty Parris, to call on authorities to find an explanation for the fits. The explanation they found was very simple: witchcraft. As the months went on more girls began to experience the same sort of events. It was only after intense questioning that the girls revealed the names of those afflicting them: Sarah Osborne, Sarah Good... ... arguments and sufficient evidence to back it up. The remaining problem lies in the fact that there are no survivors to tell the accurate and unbiased story, if such a story exists. In 1692 Salem Village got its "15 minutes of fame" and proved to people the extents humans will go to for the sake of conflict and religion. It should teach a lesson every human being needs to learn, the smallest incident can lead to hysteria of epidemic proportions. BIBLIOGRAPHY Boyer, Paul, and Stephen Nissenbaum. Salem Possessed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974. Dufour, Ronald P. Colonial America. Minneapolis, MN: West Publishing Company, 1994. Karlsen, Carol F. The Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial America. New York: W.W.Norton & Co., 1987. Le Beau, Bryan F. The Story of the Salem Witch Trials. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998.

History Of Oslo Essay

Oslo is Norway’s capital city. Oslo came from the Old Norse word â€Å"†¦os meaning mountain and lo meaning plain or river â€Å". In other words, Oslo can be described as a place beneath the mountains (â€Å"Oslo† 2006). People of German origin may have settled in the settlements along the Oslo Fjord who moved up to the north from mainland Europe (Zelko 63). The first evident settlement in Oslo was in the 8th century. (â€Å"Oslo† 2006). The first people of who inhabited Oslo lived in â€Å"humble wooden houses with turf roofs† that was surrounded with pens or sheds for goats, sheep and cows (â€Å"Oslo: City† 2006). Like all the other settlers of Norway, the people were grouped together in the form of a tribe and those who were landowners met with his other landed neighbors in a public assembly called Thing. Legislative assemblies were called Lagtings (Zelko 63). During the Viking age, AD800-1000 Oslo settlers grew rapidly as it had become the center for trade and shipbuilding activities and later it earned the name the† Viking Capital† (â€Å"Oslo† 2006). Viking means â€Å"a man from â€Å"Vik†, a huge bay between the Cape Lindesnes in Norway and the mouth of Gota River in Sweden (Britannica 1033). Norwegian Vikings, like other Vikings of Denmark and Sweden, were feared all over Europe as they had â€Å"superior ships and weapons as well developed military organization†. They were basically endowed with extraordinary hunger for adventure (Britannica 1034). Norwegian Vikings were known to be ruthless and brave fighters who killed their victims and greedily loots their conquered settlements and when they were done plundering destroyed the place with fire. They changed the face of Europe as they engaged in raiding and trade and then finally attracted by their conquered lands settled to live there. Their target places were mostly western European countries such as England, Scotland, and Iceland. Their active participation in trading had renewed the neglected European commerce of the middle Ages. Their contact with Western Europe was instrumental for their Christianization and eventually unification of Norway (Britannica 1033). In 885 the first Viking Monarch, Harold the Fair-haired united Norway (Halsey 239). During his reign the settlers of Norway, including Oslo, were commonly engaged in blood feuds, fightings that involve almost, if not all, disagreeing families. Even minor disputes can trigger the killing and maiming of both members of the quarreling families and if not settled can start an endless round of retaliation. The violence can be finally stopped when offending families pay the wronged families which they called â€Å"bot†. Sometimes family feuds were brought to the attention of the Lagtings who will decide the outcome of the disputes and impose penalties. The worst penalty they can give at that time was known as outlawry—a sentence that regarded the offender as if he died already. All his goods were taken away from him and he cannot exercise or claim any legal rights. In fact, anyone can kill him without facing the risk of penalty. These condemned people were left with no choice but to leave their homeland or live in the forest as an outlaw (Tseng 24). In 1050 Harald Hardrade or King Harald III officially founded Oslo and made it the center of southern Norway. This site was located at the eastern side of the harbor on the left bank of the small Akers River (Halsey 239). Harald died in 1066 and his death ended the Viking period as raidings stopped (â€Å"Norway† 2007). Oslo experienced a great era during the reign of Haakon V who was crowned in 1299. He decided to build the Akershus fortress in Olso to serve as his home with his wife Euphemia of Rugens, a Northern German princess (â€Å"Oslo† 2006). He made Oslo the capital of Norway replacing Bergen. This time Oslo and the rest of Norway enjoyed relative peace (â€Å"Norway† 2007). In 1318 Norway was united with the kingdom of Sweden when Duke Erik of Sweden married Princess Ingebjorg, daughter of Queen Euphemia and Hakon V Magnusson. The unification of both countries was officially signed in the Bishop’s castle; now presently know as Oslo Ladergard (â€Å"Oslo: City† 2006). The saddest event that occurred in the early history of Oslo was the Black Death that terrorized the world in 1349. It was estimated that half of Oslo’s population died during the time of the Black Death or â€Å"bubonic† plague. Bubonic plague was carried by fleas in rats from England (â€Å"Oslo† 2006). Because of the loss of its inhabitants and damage to agriculture Norway united together with Denmark and Sweden via the Union of Kalmar 1397(â€Å"Norway† 2007). During this time Copenhagen, instead of Oslo, was selected as the actual capital of Norway. Consequently Oslo lost it political importance and was only regarded as a provincial administrative center while the kings lived in Copenhagen and Stockholm from 1400-1500 (â€Å"Oslo: City† 2006). In 1523, however, Sweden dropped out of the union, and weaker Norway was left in the care of Danish Kings(â€Å"Norway† 2007). Part 2 Modern Era Reformation Period Like the rest of mainland Europe, Oslo was greatly affected by the Lutheran Protestant Reformation of 1537 when the German Monk Martin Luther questioned the laws of Roman Catholic Church and sought to reform the religious beliefs of the Europeans. Oslo citizens were engaged in religious conflicts(Thodock 2003). The catholic bishop of Oslo, Hans Rev was converted to Protestantism despite the reluctance of the citizens( â€Å"Oslo:City† 2006). Since Oslo had slightly lost its political and economic importance as a city at this time as it was being ruled by Denmark most of the buildings constructed there was only made of wood so that the city was easily destroyed by fire in 1624. King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway decided to move the town to the right bank of the Akers River and rebuild it near the Akershus Fortress. The city buildings were constructed in a Renaissance city style with rectangular blocks and renamed it Christiania (Halsey). Scientific Revolution The scientific revolution changed the world’s beliefs entirely, and Norway is in the heart of it Religious beliefs were proven to be wrong and questions were answered. Copernicus first with his opinion on the heliocentric theory, Galileo second with proof of Copernicus’ theory, and Newton third with the laws of gravity to explain how and why the planets revolved around the sun. Enlightenment During the 1700’s the Age of Reason or the Enlightenment flourished in Europe particularly to the Norwegian trading partners of Great Britain and Holland. In these places people were trying to improve their lives with the use of reason instead of following traditional religious or accepted beliefs. Contact with the â€Å"enlightened† British and Dutch affected the daily life of the inhabitants of Christiania. Norwegian traders brought home with them not only the prized cargoes of tobacco, coffee, tea and spices but also enlightened ideas. They constructed luxurious houses with magnificent gardens in accordance with the style western Europe (â€Å"Oslo: City† 2006). Napoleonic wars At first, Denmark and Norway attempted to remain neutral in the Napoleonic wars between France and England and their respective allies in 1805. However, England attacked the entire Danish fleet in 1807 as a result Denmark joined with France against Britain (Britannica 1034). Britain cut-off trading with Norway and set up a continental blockade against Denmark and Norway wherein British navy prevented the goods from both Norway and Denmark in reaching its trading partners . This action greatly affected the economy of Norway. The export of fish and timber from Christiania as well as the import of grain from Denmark were blocked. As a result, citizens of Christiania faced an economic crisis and suffered hunger. To end their trouble, Britain loosened up its blockade against Norway in 1810-13(â€Å"Oslo† 1991). In 1814 the king of Denmark was forced to give up Norway to Sweden in a Treaty of Kiel when Napoleon I was defeated (â€Å"Oslo† 2006). Eager to rebuild their government the Norwegian created its first constitution on May 17 the same year and Christiania became the capital city. In time, Christiania replaced its rival Bergen as Norway’s largest city. The people celebrated with joy as Christiania was expected to reclaim its old glory without giving much thought at first that they were still under the control of a foreigner, Sweden. As a capital city, Christiania once again becomes important politically and economically. For its newly acquired role, new monumental buildings were erected as a venue for important functions. . They were the Royal Palace, Bank of Norway and the stock exchange Oslo Bors. Later, most Christiania citizens joined with the rest of Norway in demanding for a complete control of their own affairs. They did not want to recognize the provisions of the Treaty of Kiel and instead preferred a Danish King to rule them. Because of the political unrest , Sweden was forced to make the Act of Union of 1815,that gave Norway the privilege of having its own army, navy and parliament(Storting) and was permitted to control their own internal affairs in exchange for their strict compliance to the Treaty of Kiel(â€Å"Oslo† 2006). Renaissance Period Because of their internal independence, Christiania’ economic and political power rose. By mid 1800’s, Christiania grew into a major administrative, economic and military center. The economic success brought about by the shipping and agricultural industry made Christiania a dominant economic city of Norway (World Book 1981). The site of rapid industrial revolution in Oslo started at the Aker River around 1840. The development of Industries relied in the electricity provided by this River. Old buildings along the River were demolished and replaced with concrete large textile industrial buildings . Because of the increased jobs offered by industries the population of Christiania increased as peasants and rural populace moved to the cities hoping find work. In the beginning of the Industrial Revolution Christiania’s industrial workers, like most of European industrial cities, lived in poverty since income was low. They mostly lived in crowded houses meant for workers in which sanitation was bad. As a result, sickness was common and spread easily. To augment family income, the children aged below ten were forced to work in the industries, an environment that was not conducive for their well-balanced growth. In fact, industries were noisy and dusty. They caused water and air pollution. Because of this, the health of the children suffered and their resistance to sickness decreased as they lacked the time to play and sleep. In fact, schoolwork was unavoidably neglected (â€Å"Off â€Å"2007). Revolutions of 1848 The political revolutions in Europe in 1848 had increased the desire of Norway to demand for independence from Sweden. In the late 1800’s popular Norwegian playwrights Henrik Ibsen and Bjornstjerne Bjorjornson staged a play in Christiania’s theater with a theme about political hypocrisy, rights of women and social problems. These plays helped Norwegians develop a sense of nationalism. In 1901 the city of Christiania was selected by the notable Swedish inventor, Alfred Nobel to be the site for the awarding of the most prestigious Noble Peace Prize (Lundestad 2001). By 1905 Sweden granted independence to Norway and Christiania at last was freed from foreign interference that began 1300’s (Halsey 240). Industrial Revolution World War One was inevitable due to industrialization and the desire each country had to become supreme. Firstly, relationships between the nations of the world were dramatically altered by the Industrial Revolution of the nineteenth century. Tensions between the industrial powers began to rise. The intensity between the industrial powers grew more and more as each country sought to expand its sphere of influence at the expense of others. Secondly, there was a growing desire by ethnic populations within the larger countries to become independent nations. Norway separated from Sweden and revolts occurred in colonies such as China, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Ireland. War broke out in the Balkans in 1912 and again in 1913, as Bulgaria, Serbia, Macedonia, and Greece fought first the Ottoman Empire and then Austria-Hungary. Lastly, Colonies around the world were a valuable asset for supporting the host country’s economy. The great European powers needed raw materials and outlets for their goods. They wanted to expand into new colonies while still protecting the ones they already had. World War I The economy of Christiania steadily grew until before World War I. When the First World War broke out in 1914 Norway declared its neutrality. However, Christiania benefited economically from the war by carrying British cargoes inspite the loss of Norwegian lives and ships that were caught in the war (Compton 610). After the war Christiania settled back to its normal life. In 1924, Christiania was renamed back to Oslo (â€Å"Oslo: City† 2006). World War II. On April 9, 1940 Oslo was defeated by the Germans almost with only a slight resistance due the betrayal of Norwegian Officer and Fascist politician Vidkun Quisling who collaborated with the Nazis. As a result, the city was only slightly damaged during the war (Halsey 239). In 1942 Germany installed a puppet government in Norway under National Union leader Vidkun Quisling. However, the Norwegians resisted the Germans and its puppet regime. Oslo became a place of opposition strikes. Other citizens were secretly involved in the large-scale industrial sabotage and espionage on behalf of the allied powers. (â€Å"Oslo† 2006). During their occupation of the city the Nazis used Akershus as a prison and place of execution for those convicted of allied conspiracy and today it’s the site of Norway’s Resistance Museum, which provided a detailed account of German takeover and the Norwegian struggle against it (Thodock 2003). The German forces that overrun Norway surrendered in May 8, 1945 enabling the exiled King Hakon VII to return to Norway from London in June. Oslo then began to rebuild its ruin buildings while at the same time prosecuted â€Å"about 90,000 alleged cases of treason and defection†. Convicted traitors faced execution foremost of which was Vidkun Quisling (â€Å"Oslo† 2006). War had been going on for a very long time when it came to The Cold War, the postwar to World War II. After World War II, as the Cold War began two major alliances were created. Although, in World War I a systems of alliances did not work, the systems of alliances that formed after World War II were bigger and they weren’t buddy-buddy alliances. These two alliances were formed to bring peace throughout the world, to end The Cold War, and to prevent anymore future high scale wars. Toward the end of the war, hostility between Norwegians and the German occupying forces grew considerably stronger. A prime cause was the German withdrawal from all fronts. Retreating German units from the fronts in the north, the USSR and Finland, withdrew to Norwegian territory. In the autumn of 1944, the Red Army followed the Germans into Finnmark, where it liberated Kirkenes and the northeastern areas. As the occupying troops retreated, they ordered an evacuation of the entire Norwegian population in Finnmark and in Troms south to Lyngen. In Lyngen, three German army corps dug in. Then the entire region north of Lyngen was burned and destroyed. The destruction included 10,400 homes, bridges, power stations, factories, fishing vessels, telephone facilities and other types of infrastructure. The scorched earth area was much larger than all of Denmark. After the Soviet Red Army crossed into North Norway, a Norwegian military mission and a small number of Norwegian soldiers from Great Britain and Sweden followed. The Russians withdrew from Norway in September 1945, a few months after the German capitulation.

Hero: Explaining why Napoleon Bonaparte Essay

Napoleon Bonaparte must be considered a hero in French history. Through his liberal ways of coming to power and controlling France, Napoleon was able to create unity and stability, both political and economic, in one of the most powerful nations in Europe at the time. Napoleon was not only an excellent leader, but also a dominant war strategist. He was able to conquer enemies of France and expand Frances territory. By giving people rights and freedoms, forming a respectable educational system and creating religious tolerance, along with dominating the enemies of France with his excellent skills in militarism, Napoleon became one of the greatest French leaders and heroes of all time. Napoleon claimed â€Å"Equality must be the first element in education. This was the basis of the educating system Napoleon strived for. The Education reforms which Napoleon introduced in 1802 called the lycees allowed this equality to occur and enhanced the way of learning for all of the citizens. By giving all citizens the right to an education, Napoleon was showing that he would guarantee prosperous future for France. Napoleon also created a document referred to as the Code Napoleon, yet another very liberal action, which stated the rules and laws of the state along with stating and guarding the rights and freedoms Napoleon wanted all Frenchmen to have. Napoleon also worked heavily to stabilize the French economy. He developed the Bank of France and helped propel the Francs value higher and higher until eventually it was the highest valued currency in Europe. Not only did Napoleon solve economic problems, but he also worked to solve social and religious differences as well. Previously the church was an enemy of and was against the rule of Napoleon, however this issue was resolved when The Concordat was introduced by Napoleon himself. Mending the rift between the Church and State allowed freedom of religion and rejuvenated the beliefs within the people of France. The Concordat which was signed stated that Catholicism would be recognized as the religion of the majority and allowed the church to resume processions and reopen the seminaries. Though Catholicism was now viewed as the religion of the majority, it still was not the official religion of the state, crating a more religiously tolerant society in France. This move once again supports the more liberal demeanor  of Napoleon as previously few would have dared to challenge the authority of the church in this way. As a military genius, Napoleon won many battles to expand France and was always welcomed back to France as a hero. By instituting the Levee en Masse, Napoleon was able to ensure he would have the man power needed to operate his great war machine. His use of strategic warfare throughout many battles allowed him to be seen as a hero not only in France but all of Europe. Although his army was outnumbered by the Russians and Austrians in December 2, 1805, Napoleon’s brilliant strategies resulted in a defeat of the opposing armies in the Battle of Austerlitz. In many other battles that were fought and won by Napoleon, he would use his military experience and tactics to anticipate his opponent’s attacks and defeat them no matter the odds. After winning many battles he expanded France by signing treaties with the other countries which he had occupied. The fact that Napoleon won so many battles gave the French people something to be proud of. It was victories such as these which brought great pride and a feeling of unity to the people of France. Napoleon was seen as a great heroic from his successes on the battlefield as he expanded his now vast empire. Napoleon Bonaparte must be seen as not only a hero of France, but perhaps the greatest French hero of all time. Through his liberal ideas and actions, Napoleon was able to grab hold of a nation and bring it under his control. Through such acts as the Code Napoleon and The Concordant he was able to give the French people the rights and freedoms they so desired. Napoleon created the bank of France and contributed greatly to the strengthening of the Franc. Lastly Napoleon, through and his army dominated the rest of Europe expanding France into vast empire. Napoleon was a great hero, who, through liberal action, revolutionized France. bibliography: www.europeanhistory.comNapoleon: Life and Times, Janet Locke, published 1983

Class of 2017 New SAT or Old SAT (Updated)

Class of 2017 New SAT or Old SAT (Updated) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Class of 2017 is in a tough spot on the SAT. Should you take the new SAT or old SAT? If you take the new SAT, you would be the guinea pigs for a totally new system; if you take the old one, you have a tighter schedule. How does it break down? Important Note: This article has been updated as of January 25th 2016. If you are reading this, thenat least for official testings, it is too late to choose the old SAT. This article was for historical SAT test-takers registering before January 2016. However, the advice below is still useful for any future test version changes, whether SAT or ACT. Aside: Not in the Class of 2017? Find out whether you should take the new or old SAT here! The answer, according to multiple experts, is to definitely take the old SAT (though there are a few exceptions, see below). Fred Zhang, cofounder of PrepScholar, went through the last SAT transition in 2005, and saw tremendous advantages for the takers of the old SAT. Admittedly, the schedule is less than optimal. The final chance you have to take the SAT will be January 2016, according to the College Board. This is only the middle of your junior year, which gives you less slack than your older classmates, but has huge advantages. You know what the current SAT looks like. There is almost a decade of history with the current SAT. Everyone knows what the old SAT looks like, how to effectively prepare for it, and what's on it. You can do real practice tests that have actually been given in the past. This advantage cannot be overstated. If you are the studying type, taking a test with no history will greatly lower your relative advantage. Here are all of the extra resources you get access to with the old SAT: You can ask older classmates for their best tips and strategies. SAT prep companies and study guides will have perfected prepping for the old SAT. More than 20 real practice SATshave been released by the College Board, and practicing using real tests is so important. You can take a real administration early on to get a feel for timing and the tests. Almost all free advice you can find online about the SAT applies best to the old SAT. They may still hold for the new SAT, but there's a chance the diametric opposite is true. The January 2016 Deadline Is Not That Bad Yes, it does restrict some backup options for you, but really, you don't want to bestudying junior summer, or worse, senior fall. If you study for the SAT too late, it will interfere with your extracurriculars and college application process. Ideally, you want junior summer, and certainly senior fall, to be free from the distraction of taking SATs. Also, if you plan correctly, you'll actually have more opportunties to take the SAT with a schedule that puts your test in January or before, rather than March or later. The January 2016 deadline is really not that bad with just a bit of earlier study. You Get to Take Two Bites at the Apple You follow the old SAT timeline. Suppose you do great on the old SAT, blowing it out of the water great, you don't need to take the SAT anymore! Now assume the reverse: you royally mess up on the old SAT, its style isn't for you. Is it over? Not if you're taking the old SAT you get to pick from the best of two tests! Just take the New SAT, and if it's a better fit for you, you're golden! But the reverse scenario? If you plan to take the new SAT, and then bomb it and figure out you're actually better at the old SAT? Sorry pal, but you can't turn back time you're stuck! Avoid Being a Guinea Pig In first few administrations of the new SAT, you'll be a guinea pig for the College Board. They don't yet have experience in designing flawless problems, calibrating their scale, and perfecting the proctoring instructions. I personally would not be surprised at more than a few hiccups. Exceptions: If you just want to wing the SAT There are a few exceptions to the advice that the Class of 2017 should take the old SAT. The primary oneis if you're going to wing the SAT. For the same reason that studiers benefit from the old SAT, if you're going to totally wing it anyway, the new SAT is better for you since studiers won't have as large of a relative advantage. What if you don't have enough time to study for the January 2016 SAT? Say it's three weeks before, is it still worth signing up? I would say if you are a serious SAT taker yes for sure! Even if you don't study much, if you're naturally better at the old SAT, you could do better on the old SAT naturally compared to the new SAT. If you've got an extra four hours, and don't mind retaking the new SAT again, it is definitely worth it to strategically just try the old SAT even with minimal study in case you're naturally better at it! What to Do Next: Now that you know which SAT to take, you'll probably want to know how to study for it. We've researched hundreds of student stories and academic studies and found the 5 principles you need to follow to improve your score. Click the link below and enter your email address to get the best SAT prep advice you can get anywhere. Follow these 5 strategies to improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Long story short: if you can manage it, aiming for the old SAT would be advantageous. Don't wait for the new SAT to take it! Also, check back here for a complete timeline guide for the Class of 2017 taking the SAT. Other Posts You May Like: Not in the Class of 2017? Should you take the new or old SAT? What should your SAT target be? Get Started Improving Your SAT Score Today: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Dr. Fred Zhang About the Author Fred is co-founder of PrepScholar. He scored a perfect score on the SAT and is passionate about sharing information with aspiring students. Fred graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor's in Mathematics and a PhD in Economics. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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